{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:48:33Z","timestamp":1791640113684,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 AR063643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 AR063643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB002524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB002524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AR062068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AR062068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EB015891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB015891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomarkers for assessing osteoarthritis activity necessitate multiple MRI sequences with long acquisition times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To perform 5\u2010minute simultaneous morphometry (thickness\/volume measurements) and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      relaxometry of both cartilage and meniscus, and semiquantitative MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Scoring (MOAKS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen healthy volunteers for morphometry and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements, and 15 patients (five each Kellgren\u2013Lawrence grades 0\/2\/3) for MOAKS assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 5\u2010minute double\u2010echo steady\u2010state (DESS) sequence was evaluated for generating quantitative and semiquantitative osteoarthritis biomarkers at 3T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Flip angle simulations evaluated tissue signals and sensitivity of T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements. Morphometry and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      reproducibility was compared against morphometry\u2010optimized and relaxometry\u2010optimized sequences. Repeatability was assessed by scanning five volunteers twice. MOAKS reproducibility was compared to MOAKS derived from a clinical knee MRI protocol by two readers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coefficients of variation (CVs), concordance confidence intervals (CCI), and Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests compared morphometry and relaxometry measurements with their reference standards. DESS MOAKS positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percentage agreement (NPA), and interreader agreement was calculated using the clinical protocol as a reference. Biomarker variations between Kellgren\u2013Lawrence groups were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cartilage thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.65), cartilage T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.69), and meniscus T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06) did not significantly differ from their reference standard (with a 20\u00b0 DESS flip angle). DESS slightly overestimated meniscus volume (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Accuracy and repeatability CVs were &lt;3.3%, except the meniscus T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      accuracy (7.6%). DESS MOAKS had substantial interreader agreement and high PPA\/NPA values of 87%\/90%. Bone marrow lesions and menisci had slightly lower PPAs. Cartilage and meniscus T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and MOAKS (cartilage surface area, osteophytes, cysts, and total score) was higher in Kellgren\u2013Lawrence groups 2 and 3 than group 0 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5\u2010minute DESS sequence permits MOAKS assessment for a majority of tissues, along with repeatable and reproducible simultaneous cartilage and meniscus T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      relaxometry and morphometry measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                      2\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Stage 1\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1328\u20131341.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T03:02:36Z","timestamp":1509505356000},"page":"1328-1341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Five\u2010minute knee MRI for simultaneous morphometry and T\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    relaxometry of cartilage and meniscus and for semiquantitative radiological assessment using double\u2010echo in steady\u2010state at 3T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-6796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay S.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne S.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Eijgenraam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; 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