{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T07:11:30Z","timestamp":1695625890027},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Seventh Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}]},{"name":"EU's 7th framework","award":["270379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270379"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pharmacokinetic (PK) models can describe microvascular density and integrity. An essential component of PK models is the arterial input function (AIF) representing the time\u2010dependent concentration of contrast agent (CA) in the blood plasma supplied to a tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate a novel method for subject\u2010specific AIF estimation that takes inflow effects into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen clinical patients referred for spine\u2010related complaints; 21 patients from a study into luminal Crohn's disease with known Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) at 3T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010averaged AIF, AIFs derived from distally placed regions of interest (ROIs), and the new AIF method were applied. Tofts' PK model parameters (including <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) obtained with the three AIFs were compared. In the Crohn's patients <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> was correlated to CDEIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median values of the PK model parameters from the three methods were compared using a Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. The associated variances were statistically assessed by the Brown\u2010Forsythe test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was computed to test the correlation of <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> to CDEIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> was significantly larger when using the distal ROI approach, compared to the two other methods (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 for both comparisons, in both applications). Also, the variances in <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> were significantly larger with the ROI approach (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 for all comparisons). In the Crohn's disease study, the estimated <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> parameter correlated better with the CDEIS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.733, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) when the proposed AIF was used, compared to AIFs from the distal ROI method (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.429, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.067) or the population\u2010averaged AIF (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.567, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed method yielded realistic PK model parameters and improved the correlation of the <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> parameter with CDEIS, compared to existing approaches.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>: 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold> Stage 1<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1197\u20131204.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T15:44:46Z","timestamp":1511970286000},"page":"1197-1204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Estimating the arterial input function from dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced MRI data with compensation for flow enhancement (II): Applications in spine diagnostics and assessment of crohn's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jeroen J.N.","family":"van Schie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas J.","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gem","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Pieters \u2010 van den Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.T.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Stoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans M.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The 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