{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:14:50Z","timestamp":1762604090888},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004786","name":"ODAS Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood with a good prognosis in terms of mortality, but detailed information about tumor morphology and disease extent in retinoblastoma is important for treatment decision making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate ultrahigh\u2010field MRI tumor morphology and tumor extent in retinoblastoma correlating with in and ex vivo images with histopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six retinoblastoma patients (median age 5.5 months, range 2\u201314) were prospectively included in this study. Median time between diagnosis and enucleation was 8 days (range 7\u201319).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo pre\u2010enucleation at 1.5T MRI with a circular surface coil. Ex vivo imaging (FLASH T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted and RARE T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted) was performed at field strengths of 9.4T and 17.6T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>After ex vivo imaging, the eyes were histopathologically analyzed and morphologically matched with MRI findings by three authors (two with respectively 14 and 4 years of experience in ocular MRI and one with 16 years of experience in ophthalmopathology).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small submillimeter morphological aspects of intraocular retinoblastoma were successfully depicted with higher\u2010resolution MRI and matched with histopathology images. With ex vivo MRI a small subretinal tumor seed (300 \u03bcm) adjacent to the choroid was morphologically matched with histopathology. Also, a characteristic geographical pattern of vital tumor tissue (400 \u03bcm) surrounding a central vessel interspersed with necrotic areas correlated with histopathology images. Tumor invasion into the optic nerve showed a higher signal intensity on T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted higher\u2010resolution MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher\u2010resolution MRI allows for small morphological aspects of intraocular retinoblastoma and extraocular disease extent not visible on currently used clinical in vivo MRI to be depicted.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 4<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1487\u20131497.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T15:44:45Z","timestamp":1511970285000},"page":"1487-1497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["9.4T and 17.6T MRI of Retinoblastoma: Ex Vivo evaluation of microstructural anatomy and disease extent compared with histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Marcus C.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra J.W.","family":"Pouwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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