{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1783774076162,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C8742\/A18097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C8742\/A18097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) with DSC\u2010MRI using an \u201cearly time points\u201d (ET) method based on microsphere theory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and assess a new ET method for absolute CBF estimation using low\u2010dose high\u2010temporal (LDHT) T1W\u2010DCE\u2010MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY TYPE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SUBJECTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) who underwent test\u2013retest imaging; one patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) imaged pretreatment; and 12 neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients undergoing bevacizumab treatment, imaged pre\u2010 and 90 days posttreatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>FIELD STRENGTH\/SEQUENCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>LDHT\u2010DCE\u2010MRI was performed at 1.5 and 3.0T, using 3D spoiled gradient echo with phase cycling. DSC\u2010MRI performed in one patient, using 3D echo\u2010shifted multi\u2010shot echo\u2010planar imaging (PRESTO) at 3T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>ASSESSMENT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through Monte Carlo simulations, CBF estimation using three newly developed average contrast agent concentration (AC) \u2010based methods (ACrPK, ACrMG, ACcomb), was compared against conventional maximum gradient (MG) approaches, at varying Rician noise levels. Reproducibility and applicability of the ACcomb method was assessed in our sporadic\u2010VS\/GBM\/NF2 patient cohort, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STATISTICAL TESTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproducibility was measured using test\u2013retest coefficient of variation (CoV). Pre\u2010 and posttreatment CBF values were compared using paired t\u2010test with Bonferroni correction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monte Carlo stimulations demonstrated that AC\u2010based methods, particularly ACcomb, offered superior accuracy to conventional MG approaches. Overall test\u2013retest CoV using the ACcomb method was 5.76 in normal\u2010appearing white matter (NAWM). The new ACcomb method produced gray matter\/white matter CBF estimates in the NF2 patient cohort of 55.9\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9\/25.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 on day 0; compared with 155.6\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2\/128.4\u2009\u00b1\u200929.1 for the classical MG method. There was a moderate (10% using ACcomb and ACrPK) increase in CBF of NAWM 90 days post therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03 and 0.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DATA CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our new AC\u2010based method of CBF estimation offers excellent reproducibility, and displays more accuracy in both Monte Carlo analysis and clinical data application, than conventional MG\u2010based approaches.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 4<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:543\u2013557.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T20:01:05Z","timestamp":1519416065000},"page":"543-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low\u2010dose T1W DCE\u2010MRI for early time points perfusion measurement in patients with intracranial tumors: A pilot study applying the microsphere model to measure absolute cerebral blood flow"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6051-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka\u2010Loh","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science The University of Manchester 27 Palatine Road, Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science The University of Manchester 27 Palatine Road, Manchester United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Scott Lane Salford Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science The University of Manchester 27 Palatine Road, Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science The University of Manchester 27 Palatine Road, Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science The University of Manchester 27 Palatine Road, Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/21.11.830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.71.851.10434905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.1.9769817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/13564625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-200007000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.8.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/18486642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910260118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(02)00359-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200006)11:6<575::AID-JMRI2>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343031499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200001)43:1<126::AID-MRM15>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.3.1790783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.5.5.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"831","article-title":"Echo\u2010planar MR determination of relative cerebral blood volume in human brain tumors: T1 versus T2 weighting","volume":"17","author":"Bruening R","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/17112059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200209000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161595"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.25979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.25979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T03:40:06Z","timestamp":1694317206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.25979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.25979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.25979","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]]}}}