{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T04:32:28Z","timestamp":1713155548428},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roderick D. MacDonald Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diminished signal intensity of uterine fibroids in T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images is routinely used as a qualitative marker of fibroid hypoperfusion. However, quantitative classification of fibroid perfusion with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model\u2010based metrics is not yet clinically accepted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the influence of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correction on the estimation of IVIM model parameters for characterizing uterine fibroid tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen women with 41 fibroids (12 Type I and 29 Type II, per Funaki classification) underwent diffusion\u2010weighted imaging and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusion\u2010weighted images (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> values: 0, 20, 40, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 s\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> maps were obtained at 1.5T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of uterine fibroid T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variation on IVIM model parameters (diffusion coefficient, perfusion coefficient, and perfusion volume fraction) were numerically modeled and experimentally evaluated without (<jats:italic>D, D*, f<\/jats:italic>) and with (<jats:italic>D<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25988-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25988:jmri25988-math-0001\" \/>, <jats:italic>f<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correction. The relationship of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> and the T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010corrected perfusion volume fraction (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) was also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Test<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>D\u2010<\/jats:italic>values and <jats:italic>f\u2010<\/jats:italic>values estimated with and without T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correction were compared by using a two\u2010tailed Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type II fibroids had higher <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> than Type I fibroids, but the differences were not significant (Type I vs. Type II, <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>: 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 vs. 0.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.78; <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>: 23.64\u2009\u00b1\u20094.87% vs. 25.27\u2009\u00b1\u20097.46%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.49). For Type I and Type II fibroids, <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> was lower than <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> of Type II fibroids was significantly higher than that of Type I fibroids (Type I vs. Type II, <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>: 7.80\u2009\u00b1\u20091.88% vs. 11.82\u2009\u00b1\u20094.13%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Both <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> exponentially increased with the increase of fibroid T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> as functions: \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25988-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25988:jmri25988-math-0002\" \/> and \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri25988-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10531807:media:jmri25988:jmri25988-math-0003\" \/> respectively. <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> asymptotically approached 1.79 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s, and <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> approached 21.74%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correction is important when using IVIM\u2010based models to characterize uterine fibroid tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>: 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>: Stage 1<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:994\u20131001.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T09:22:44Z","timestamp":1520241764000},"page":"994-1001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tissue characterization of uterine fibroids with an intravoxel incoherent motion model: The need for T<sub>2<\/sub> correction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Feifei","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Houston Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas Center for Superconductivity Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Herng","family":"Hor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Houston Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas Center for Superconductivity Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology CHI St. Luke's Health\u2014Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Muthupillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology CHI St. Luke's Health\u2014Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas Heart Institute Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801887000","volume-title":"Uterine Fibroids: The Complete Guide","author":"Stewart EA","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200202000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2491071600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318220785c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.01.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.8.1279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance\u2010guided high\u2010intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: An evidence\u2010based analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pron G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3274-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2361040312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.3393671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910270116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"IkinkME vanBreugelJMM NijenhuisRJ et al.Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for the characterization of uterine fibroids before MR\u2010guided high\u2010intensity focused ultrasound ablation. 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