{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:52:58Z","timestamp":1791075178269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gadolinium deposition in normal tissues is being increasingly recognized. Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergo frequent imaging with contrast\u2010enhanced MR enterography (MRE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the impact of intravenous (IV) gadolinium in assessment of pediatric IBD by MRE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiology information system was searched to identify all children who underwent MRE and endoscopy within 30 days in 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1.5T and 3T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imaging studies were evaluated for bowel inflammation interpreted by two blinded radiologists in two sessions 6 weeks apart (session 1 pre\u2010MRE; session 2 pre\/postcontrast\u2010MRE). Endoscopic histology was the reference standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>A logistic regression model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curves and expressed by c\u2010statistics. Agreement between readers was evaluated using Cohen's or weighted kappa statistic, as appropriate. Two\u2010sided <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. Descriptive statistics were used for assessment of IBD complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 52 children (46% female), mean age 13.2 (SD 3.42) years formed the study cohort. 77% (40\/52) had inflammation on endoscopic biopsy. Pre\/post\u2010MRE showed no significant increase in the c\u2010statistic compared to pre\u2010MRE for assessment of small bowel (Reader 1 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56, Reader 2 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00) or large bowel inflammation (Reader 1 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.42, Reader 2 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00)). Intravenous contrast showed no improvement in interobserver agreement for assessment of inflammation in small (kappa 0.92 pre\u2010MRE, 0.88 pre\/post\u2010MRE) or large bowel (kappa 0.83 pre\u2010MRE, 0.73 pre\/post\u2010MRE). IV contrast had no meaningful impact on interobserver agreement for length of small bowel inflamed (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.90 pre\u2010MRE, 0.95 pre\/post\u2010MRE). Assessment of IBD complications was improved with IV contrast, with 3\/5 cases with perianal penetrating disease not recognized on pre\u2010MRE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Routine administration of IV gadolinium has no impact on the assessment of bowel inflammation. However, there is potential for missing perianal complications using a noncontrast MRE protocol without dedicated pelvic imaging.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>: 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>: Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:341\u2013348.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T09:22:40Z","timestamp":1520241760000},"page":"341-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evaluation of noncontrast MR enterography for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Michael Hunter","family":"Lanier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anup S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Salter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetika","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3555-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.296095510"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i3.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.151415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3517-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160356"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15150025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016161626"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3874-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162980"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"PRAC confirms restrictions on the use of linear gadolinium agents","author":"Agency EM","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"581","article-title":"Freebreathing, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging for evaluation of bowel\u2010wall inflammation in Crohn disease","volume":"40","author":"Khanna G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3506-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5474"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2016.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2492-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22435"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmri.25990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.25990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1694317168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.25990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.25990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.25990","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]}}}