{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1772571145530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16JCYBJC27300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JCYBJC27300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cerebral iron overload in hemodialysis patients has been reported in a previous study, in which the evaluation of the changes in iron content could be affected by the cross\u2010sectional analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the longitudinal changes of iron deposition in hemodialysis patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and correlate these findings with the longitudinal changes of neurocognitive function and clinical factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective; longitudinal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 34 patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs); the mean follow\u2010up interval was 22\u2009\u00b1\u20097 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0T, susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging (SWI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>QSM reconstructed from original phase data of SWI was used to measure the susceptibility of gray matter structures including bilateral caudate nucleus (CN), globus pallidus (GP), putmen (PUT), red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), dentate nucleus (DN), thalamus (THA), pulvinar of thalamus (PT). The Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) test and clinical factors were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Testing<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of covariance adjusting for age and gender as covariates or a paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test for the differences in susceptibility, MMSE scores, and clinical factors among baseline, follow\u2010up patients, and HCs. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis for the relationship between susceptibility, MMSE scores, and clinical factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The susceptibility of bilateral CN, GP, PUT, RN, SN, DN, THA, PT in follow\u2010up patients was significantly higher than that in baseline between patients and HCs except for left THA (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; Bonferroni corrected). MMSE scores significantly negatively correlated with the susceptibility of bilateral CN, PUT, and RRN in the baseline examination and bilateral CN, PUT, RN, and DN in the follow\u2010up examination (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; false discovery rate [FDR] corrected). The follow\u2010up interval, creatinine, phosphorus, and calcium were independent factors for the increased susceptibility of some nuclei (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The iron deposition of gray matter nuclei in hemodialysis patients increased over roughly a 2\u2010year period and may be a risk factor for neurocognitive impairment. Creatinine and abnormal calcium\u2010phosphorus metabolism were independent risk factors for abnormal iron deposition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 1<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:786\u2013799.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T11:07:10Z","timestamp":1538824030000},"page":"786-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Increased iron deposition of deep cerebral gray matter structures in hemodialysis patients: A longitudinal study using quantitative susceptibility mapping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tianjin First Central Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Graduates Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Tianjin 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