{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:19:45Z","timestamp":1789913985201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD093363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD093363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Neonatal dynamic tracheal collapse (tracheomalacia, TM) is a common and serious comorbidity in infants, particularly those with chronic lung disease of prematurity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) or congenital airway or lung\u2010related conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), but the underlying pathology, impact on clinical outcomes, and response to therapy are not well understood. There is a pressing clinical need for an accurate, objective, and safe assessment of neonatal TM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To use retrospectively respiratory\u2010gated ultrashort echo\u2010time (UTE) MRI to noninvasively analyze moving tracheal anatomy for regional, quantitative evaluation of dynamic airway collapse in quiet\u2010breathing, nonsedated neonates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population\/Subjects<\/jats:title>\n Twenty\u2010seven neonatal subjects with varying respiratory morbidities (control, BPD, CDH, abnormal polysomnogram).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n High\u2010resolution 3D radial UTE MRI (0.7\u2009mm isotropic) on 1.5T scanner sited in the neonatal intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Images were retrospectively respiratory\u2010gated using the motion\u2010modulated time\u2010course of the\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010space center. Tracheal surfaces were generated from segmentations of end\u2010expiration\/inspiration images and analyzed geometrically along the tracheal length to calculate percent\u2010change in luminal cross\u2010sectional area (\n A<\/jats:italic>\n \n %<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ) and ratio of minor\u2010to\u2010major diameters at end\u2010expiration (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n D,exp<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ). Geometric results were compared to clinically available bronchoscopic findings (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200914).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Two\u2010sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Maximum\n A<\/jats:italic>\n \n %<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n significantly identified subjects with\/without a bronchoscopic TM diagnosis (with: 46.9\u2009\u00b1\u200910.0%; without: 27.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), as did minimum\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n D,exp<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n (with: 0.346\u2009\u00b1\u20090.146; without: 0.671\u2009\u00b1\u20090.218;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.008). Subjects with severe BPD exhibited a far larger range of minimum\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n D,exp<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n than subjects with mild\/moderate BPD or controls (0.631\u2009\u00b1\u20090.222, 0.782\u2009\u00b1\u20090.075, and 0.776\u2009\u00b1\u20090.030, respectively), while minimum\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n D,exp<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n was reduced in CDH subjects (0.331\u2009\u00b1\u20090.171) compared with controls (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Respiratory\u2010gated UTE MRI can quantitatively and safely evaluate neonatal dynamic tracheal collapse, as validated with the clinical standard of bronchoscopy, without requiring invasive procedures, anesthesia, or ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n 2\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold>\n Stage 3\n <\/jats:p>\n J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:659\u2013667.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T12:55:10Z","timestamp":1537880110000},"page":"659-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Regional Dynamic Airway Collapse in Neonates via Retrospectively Respiratory\u2010Gated\n 1<\/sup>\n H Ultrashort Echo Time MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Alister J.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nara S.","family":"Higano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik B.","family":"Hysinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean B.","family":"Fain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Kingma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for 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