{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:09Z","timestamp":1786978029087,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Ischemia\u2010reperfusion (I\/R) injury involves damage to the microvessel structure (eg, increased permeability) and function (blunted vasomodulation). While microstructural damage can be detected with dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced (DCE) MRI, there is no diagnostic to detect deficits in microvascular function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To apply a novel MRI method for evaluating dynamic vasomodulation to assess microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle following I\/R injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective, longitudinal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animal Model<\/jats:title>\n Twenty\u2010three healthy male adult Sprague\u2013Dawley rats.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n Dynamic T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n fast field echo imaging at 3.0T with preinjection T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n mapping.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Injury in the left hindlimb was induced using a 3\u2010hour I\/R procedure. Longitudinal MRI scanning was performed up to 74 days, with animals completing assessment at different intervals for histological and laser Doppler perfusion validation. Pharmacokinetic parameters\n K<\/jats:italic>\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n and\n v<\/jats:italic>\n e<\/jats:sub>\n were determined following i.v. injection of gadovist (0.1 mmol\/kg). Vasomodulatory response was probed on gadofosveset (0.3 mmol\/kg) using hypercapnic gases delivered through a controlled gas\u2010mixing circuit to induce vasoconstriction and vasodilation in ventilated rats. Heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were monitored.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Two\u2010way analysis of variance with Tukey\u2013Kramer post\u2010hoc analysis was used to determine significant changes in vasomodulatory response,\n K<\/jats:italic>\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n , and\n v<\/jats:italic>\n e<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This new MRI technique revealed impaired vasomodulation in the injured hindlimb. Vasoconstriction was maintained, but vasodilation was blunted up to 21 days postinjury (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). However, DCE\u2010MRI measured\n K<\/jats:italic>\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n and\n v<\/jats:italic>\n e<\/jats:sub>\n were significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) different from baseline only during acute inflammation (Day 3), with severe inflammation noted on histology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n While conventional DCE\u2010MRI shows normalization after the acute phase, our new approach reveals sustained functional impairment in muscle microvasculature following I\/R injury, with compromised response in vasomotor tone present for at least 21 days.<\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>\n : 4\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>\n : Stage 1\n <\/jats:p>\n J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1174\u20131185.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T01:11:10Z","timestamp":1539133870000},"page":"1174-1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessment of microvascular dysfunction in acute limb ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Tameshwar","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Zakher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Edward S. 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