{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T20:53:27Z","timestamp":1694465607670},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS063360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS063360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brainstem gliomas are aggressive and difficult to treat. Growth of these tumors may be characterized with MRI methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To visualize longitudinal changes in tumor volume, vascular leakiness, and tissue microstructure in an animal model of brainstem glioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) were imaged with 9L gliosarcoma cells infused into the pontine reticular formation of the brainstem. The MRI tumor microenvironment was studied at 3 and 10 days postimplantation of tumor cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced (DCE)\u2010MRI were performed at 4.7T using spin\u2010echo multislice echo planar imaging and gradient echo multislice imaging, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor leakiness was assessed by the forward volumetric transfer constant, K<jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>, estimated from DCE\u2010MRI data. Tumor structure was evaluated with fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained from DTI. Tumor volumes, delineated by a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> map, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted image, FA, and DCE signal enhancement were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in the assessed parameters within and across the groups (ie, rats 3 and 10 days post tumor cell implantation) were evaluated with Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Day 3 tumors were visible mainly on contrast\u2010enhanced images, while day 10 tumors were visible in both contrast\u2010enhanced and diffusion\u2010weighted images. Mean K<jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup> at day 10 was 41% lower than at day 3 (<jats:italic>P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.23). In day 10 tumors, FA was regionally lower in the tumor compared to normal tissue (<jats:italic>P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.0004), and tumor volume, segmented based on FA map, was significantly smaller (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) than that obtained from other contrasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrast\u2010enhanced MRI was found to be more sensitive in detecting early\u2010stage tumor boundaries than other contrasts. Areas of the tumor outlined by DCE\u2010MRI and DTI were significantly different. Over the observed period of tumor growth, average vessel leakiness decreased with tumor progression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 3<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1322\u20131332.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T06:30:14Z","timestamp":1539585014000},"page":"1322-1332","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal evaluation of tumor microenvironment in rat focal brainstem glioma using diffusion and perfusion MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kulam Najmudeen","family":"Magdoom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Boh\u00f3rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alec C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. 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