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For the patients nonresponsive to IVMP, more effective but aggressive therapy of plasma exchange (PE) should be employed instead of IVMP in the first line.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the visual outcomes of NMO\u2010ON patients after IVMP by radiomics analysis of whole brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 57 NMO\u2010ON patients receiving IVMP therapy for 3 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0T; DTI images acquired by a single\u2010shot echo planar image sequence; T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> images acquired by 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (3D\u2010FSPGR) MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 200 DTI measures were extracted from the DTI data and employed as features to construct a radiomics assessment model for visual outcomes of NMO\u2010ON patients after IVMP. The assessment performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), classification accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values (PPV and NPV). The selected DTI measures would reveal the white matter impairments related to visual recovery of NMO\u2010ON patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between the selected DTI measures and the clinical visual characteristics were investigated by Pearson correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and one\u2010way analysis of variance analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The radiomics model obtained an ACC of 73.68% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), AUC of 0.7931, sensitivity of 0.6207, specificity of 0.8571, PPV of 0.8182, and NPV of 0.6857 in assessing visual outcomes of the NMO\u2010ON patients after IVMP treatment. The selected DTI measures revealed white matter impairments related to the visual outcomes in the white matter tracts of vision\u2010relevant regions, motor\u2010related regions, and corpus callosum. The white matter impairments were found significantly correlated with the disease duration and the length of lesions in the optic nerve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiomics analysis of DTI data has great potential in assessing visual outcomes of NMO\u2010ON patients after IVMP therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 4<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1365\u20131373.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T16:48:44Z","timestamp":1537894124000},"page":"1365-1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Radiomics Analysis of DTI Data to Assess Vision Outcome After Intravenous Methylprednisolone Therapy in Neuromyelitis Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing P.R. China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army  Beijing P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Automation  Beijing P.R. 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