{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:32:57Z","timestamp":1791322377228,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hakubi Project and JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists","award":["15K19786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K19786"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n There is growing interest in the effect of diffusion time on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in cancers; however, little evidence exists regarding its utility to differentiate malignant from benign head and neck tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the utility of ADC value changes in distinguishing between malignant and benign head and neck tumors using the different diffusion times obtained from oscillating gradient spin\u2010echo (OGSE) and pulsed gradient spin\u2010echo (PGSE) MRI sequences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n Thirty\u2010one consecutive patients with suspected head and neck tumors and a phantom.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n 3T MRI with diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI) using OGSE (effective diffusion time: 4.3 msec) and PGSE (effective diffusion time: 82.6 msec) sequences and b\u2010values of 0 and 700 s\/mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n ADC values using OGSE (ADC\n OGSE<\/jats:sub>\n ) and PGSE (ADC\n PGSE<\/jats:sub>\n ) and relative ADC value changes between ADC\n OGSE<\/jats:sub>\n and ADC\n PGSE<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n Wilcoxon test, Mann\u2013Whitney test, and McNemar test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Relative ADC changes for each polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water in the phantom between OGSE and PGSE sequences were small (relative ADC change within 0.6%). Malignant tumors had significantly smaller ADC\n OGSE<\/jats:sub>\n and ADC\n PGSE<\/jats:sub>\n values than benign tumors (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001 and < 0.0001, respectively). Significantly larger relative ADC changes were observed in malignant compared with benign head and neck tumors (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001). ADC\n PGSE<\/jats:sub>\n values were significantly lower than ADC\n OGSE<\/jats:sub>\n values in both malignant and benign head and neck tumors (0.97 vs. 1.28 \u00d7 10\n \u22123<\/jats:sup>\n mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/s:\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001 and 1.93 vs. 1.99 \u00d7 10\n \u22123<\/jats:sup>\n mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/s:\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0056, respectively). Relative ADC change and ADC\n PGSE<\/jats:sub>\n tended to have higher diagnostic performance than ADC\n OGSE<\/jats:sub>\n , with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.97, 0.96, and 0.89, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n ADC values obtained using the PGSE sequence were lower than those obtained with OGSE. This difference was larger for malignant than benign tumors, suggesting differences in tissue structure (diffusion hindrance) or cell permeability, revealed by changes in diffusion time. The results underline the potential importance of reporting diffusion time for interpretation of head and neck diffusion MRI.<\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>\n : 1\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:bold>\n : Stage 2\n <\/jats:p>\n J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:88\u201395.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T00:30:13Z","timestamp":1545438613000},"page":"88-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Time\u2010dependent diffusion MRI to distinguish malignant from benign head and neck tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mami","family":"Iima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8894-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Feiweier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthcare Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Togashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.2.3763909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1123-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2202010063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2016.17.5.650"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1597323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Usefulness of the apparent diffusion coefficient in line scan diffusion\u2010weighted imaging for distinguishing between squamous cell carcinomas and malignant lymphomas of the head and neck","volume":"26","author":"Maeda M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1734-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.cr.2017-0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmra.1994.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"LiH ArlinghausLR ChakravarthyAB et al.In vivo imaging of mean cell size and density of human breast tumors. 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