{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:02:40Z","timestamp":1765994560456,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EB017183","R01 AR067156","R01 AR068966","NIH P41 EB017183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB017183","R01 AR067156","R01 AR068966","NIH P41 EB017183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to the articular cartilage, osteoarthritis (OA) affects several other tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and subchondral bone. T1<jats:sub>\u03c1<\/jats:sub> relaxation study of these short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tissues may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a 3D spin\u2010lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>) prepared zero echo time (ZTE)\u2010based pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (3D\u2010T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010PETRA) sequence for relaxation mapping of semisolid short\u2010T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tissues on a clinical 3\u2009T scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phantom, two bovine whole knee joint and Achilles tendon specimens, 10 healthy volunteers with no known inflammation, trauma or pain in the knee or ankle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A customized PETRA sequence to acquire fat\u2010suppressed 3D T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images tissues with semisolid short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri26664-math-1001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00011541:media:jmri26664:jmri26664-math-1001\"\/> relaxation times in the knee and ankle joints at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mono\u2010 and biexponential T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> relaxation components were assessed in the patellar tendon (PT), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and Achilles tendon (AT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kruskal\u2013Wallis with post\u2010hoc Dunn's test for multiple pairwise comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phantom and ex vivo studies showed the feasibility of T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> relaxation mapping using the proposed 3D\u2010T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010PETRA sequence. The in vivo study demonstrated an averaged mono\u2010T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> relaxation of (median [IQR]) 15.9 [14.5] msec, 23.6 [9.4] msec, 17.4 [7.4] msec, and 5.8 [10.2] msec in the PT, ACL, PCL, and AT, respectively. The bicomponent analysis showed the short and long components (with their relative fractions) of 0.65 [1.0] msec (46.9 [15.3]%) and 37.3 [18.4] msec (53.1 [15.3]%) for PT, 1.7 [2.1] msec (42.5 [12.5]%) and 43.7 [17.8] msec (57.5 [12.5]%) for ACL, and 1.2 [1.9] msec (42.6 [14.0]%) and 27.7 [14.7] msec (57.3 [14.0]%) for PCL and 0.4 [0.02] msec (58.8 [13.3]%\/) and 31.3 [10.8] msec (41.2 [13.3]%) for AT. Statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) differences were observed in the mono\u2010 and biexponential relaxation between several regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D\u2010T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010PETRA sequence allows volumetric, isotropic (0.78\u2009\u00d7\u20090.78\u2009\u00d7\u20090.78\u2009mm), biexponential T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> assessment with corresponding fractions of the tissues with semisolid short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jmri26664-math-1002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00011541:media:jmri26664:jmri26664-math-1002\"\/>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy Stage:<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1207\u20131218.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T05:10:27Z","timestamp":1548738627000},"page":"1207-1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["3D\u2010T<sub>1\u03c1<\/sub> prepared zero echo time\u2010based PETRA sequence for in vivo biexponential relaxation mapping of semisolid short\u2010T<sub>2<\/sub> tissues at 3 T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9572-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Sharafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine  New York New York 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