{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:56:26Z","timestamp":1791442586260,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The value of cerebral susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging (SWI) in malignant melanoma (MM) patients remains controversial and the effect of melanin on SWI is not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically analyze the spectrum of intracerebral findings in MM brain metastases (BM) on SWI and to determine the diagnostic value of SWI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population\/Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 100 patients with melanoma BM (69 having received radiotherapy [RT] and 31 RT\u2010na\u00efve) and a control group of 100 melanoma patients without BM were included. For detailed analysis of signal characteristics, 175 metastases were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gradient echo SWI sequence at 1.5, 3.0, and 9.4\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Signal characteristics from melanotic and amelanotic BMs on SWI with a focus on blooming artifacts were analyzed, as well as the presence and longitudinal dynamics of isolated SWI blooming artifacts in patients with and without BM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chi\u2010squared and Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test were used for contingency table measures and group data of signal and clinical characteristics, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melanotic and amelanotic metastases did not show significant differences of SWI blooming artifacts (38% vs. 43%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61). Most metastases without an initial SWI artifact developed a signal dropout during follow\u2010up (80%; 65\/81). Isolated SWI artifacts were detected more frequently in patients with BM (20 vs. 9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), of which the majority were found in patients who had received RT (17 vs. 3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08). None of these isolated SWI blooming artifacts turned into overt metastases over time (median follow\u2010up: 8.5\u2009months). Similar findings persisted as remnants of successfully treated metastases (88%; 7\/8).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that SWI provides little additional diagnostic benefit over standard T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted imaging, as melanin content alone does not cause diagnostically relevant SWI blooming. Signal transition of SWI may rather indicate secondary phenomena like microbleeding and\/or metal scavenging. Our results suggest that isolated SWI artifacts do not constitute vital tumor tissue but represent unspecific microbleedings, RT\u2010related parenchymal changes or posttherapeutic remnants of former metastatic lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy Stage:<\/jats:bold> 5<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1251\u20131259.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T04:43:58Z","timestamp":1550810638000},"page":"1251-1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging in malignant melanoma brain metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Niederle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Heidelberg 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