{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:52Z","timestamp":1786978192602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Thermal dosimetry during MR\u2010guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) of bone tumors underpredicts ablation zone. Intraprocedural understanding of heat accumulation near bone is needed to prevent undesired treatment of nontargeted tissue.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n Temperature decay rates predict prolonged, spatially varying heating during MRgFUS bone treatments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients<\/jats:title>\n Nine patients with localized painful bone tumors (five bone metastasis, four osteoid osteomas), were compared with five patients with uterine fibroid tumors treated using MRgFUS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n Proton resonance frequency shift thermometry using 2D\u2010GRE with echo\u2010planar imaging at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Tissue response was derived by fitting data from extended thermometry acquisitions to a decay model. Decay rates and time to peak temperature (TTP) were analyzed in segmented zones between the bone target and skin. Decay rates were used to calculate intersonication cooling times required to return to body temperature; these were compared against conventional system\u2010mandated cooling times.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov tests for normality, and Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test was used to compare decay rates. Spatial TTP delay and predicted cooling times used Wilcoxon signed rank tests.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Tissue decay rates in bone tumor patients were 3.5 times slower than those in patients with fibroids (\u03c4\n bone<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.037\u2009\u00b1\u20090.012 vs. \u03c4\n fibroid<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.131\u2009\u00b1\u20090.010,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Spatial analysis showed slow decay rates effecting baseline temperature as far as 12\u2009mm away from the bone surface, \u03c4\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.015\u2009\u00b1\u20090.026 (median\u2009\u00b1\u2009interquartile range [IQR]). Tissue within 9\u2009mm of bone experienced delayed TTP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). In the majority of bone tumor treatments, system\u2010predicted intersonication cooling times were insufficient for nearby tissue to return to body temperature (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.03 in zone 4).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n MRgFUS near bone is susceptible to long tissue decay rates, and unwanted cumulative heating up to 1.2\u2009cm from the surface of the bone. Knowledge of decay rates may be used to alter treatment planning and intraprocedural thermal monitoring protocols to account for prolonged heating by bone.<\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n 4\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold>\n Stage 4\n <\/jats:p>\n J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1526\u20131533.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T00:34:26Z","timestamp":1554510866000},"page":"1526-1533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prolonged heating in nontargeted tissue during MR\u2010guided focused ultrasound of bone tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Rachel R.","family":"Bitton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor D.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Butts","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pejman","family":"Ghanouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford California 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