{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:38:33Z","timestamp":1790959113024,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16SDG30420005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16SDG30420005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18POST33990451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18POST33990451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30 HL140910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30 HL140910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL117888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL117888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM815229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM815229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are pathological connections between arteries and veins. Dual\u2010\n venc<\/jats:italic>\n 4D flow MRI, an extended 4D flow MRI method with improved velocity dynamic range, provides time\u2010resolved 3D cerebral hemodynamics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To optimize dual\u2010\n venc<\/jats:italic>\n 4D flow imaging parameters for AVM; to assess the relationship between spatial resolution, acceleration, and flow quantification accuracy; and to introduce and apply the flow distribution network graph (FDNG) paradigm for storing and analyzing complex neurovascular 4D flow data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects\/Phantom<\/jats:title>\n Scans were performed in a specialized flow phantom: 26 healthy subjects (age 41 \u00b1 17 years) and five AVM patients (age 27\u201368 years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n Dual\u2010\n venc<\/jats:italic>\n 4D flow with varying spatial resolution and acceleration factors were performed at 3T field strength.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Quantification accuracy was assessed in vitro by direct comparison to measured flow. FDNGs were used to quantify and compare flow, peak velocity (PV), and pulsatility index (PI) between healthy controls with various Circle of Willis (CoW) anatomy and AVM patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n In vitro measurements were compared to ground truth with Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test. In vivo groups were compared with Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum test and Kruskal\u2013Wallis test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Flow was overestimated in all in vitro experiments, by an average 7.1 \u00b1 1.4% for all measurement conditions. Error in flow measurement was significantly correlated with number of voxels across the channel (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 3.11 \u00d7 10\n \u221228<\/jats:sup>\n ) but not with acceleration factor (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.74). For the venous\u2010arterial PV and PI ratios, a significant difference was found between AVM nidal and extranidal circulation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively), and between AVM nidal and healthy control circulation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005 and 0.003, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Dual\u2010\n venc<\/jats:italic>\n 4D flow MRI and standardized FDNG analysis might be feasible in clinical applications. Venous\u2010arterial ratios of PV and PI are proposed as network\u2010based biomarkers characterizing AVM nidal hemodynamics.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n 3\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold>\n Stage 1\n <\/jats:p>\n J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1718\u20131730.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T13:03:41Z","timestamp":1557407021000},"page":"1718-1730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Standardized Evaluation of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Using Flow Distribution Network Graphs and Dual\u2010\n venc<\/i>\n 4D Flow MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9330-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Aristova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"McCormick School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Vali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer A.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shaibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tord D.","family":"Alden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak S.","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Markl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"McCormick School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080027015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-10-4-234"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3537"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200407000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: What clinicians need to know","author":"Geibprasert SP","year":"2010","journal-title":"RSNA RadioGraphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25595"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0174-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880030213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000184756.66360.d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20641"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880030315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","unstructured":"BockJ KreherBW HennigJ MarklM.Optimized pre\u2010processing of time\u2010resolved 2 D and 3 D phase contrast MRI data. 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