{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T20:27:24Z","timestamp":1759177644108,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81301347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81301347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irradiation has been found to increase T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) by accelerating the gadolinium deposition in patients after multiple gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent (GBCA) administrations. Several reports have focused on this phenomenon in patients with brain tumors; however, data in patients receiving irradiation with no intracranial abnormalities (NIAs) are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore how nasopharyngeal irradiation affected SI changes on unenhanced T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted imaging (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>WI) in the DN in nasopharyngeal malignancy (NPM) patients who presented with NIAs and who had multiple injection doses (IDs) of linear GBCAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010center, retrospective, case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 132 subjects: 66 NPM patients, 66 matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1.5T and 3T\/T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>WI, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>WI, and fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiation doses (RDs) were calculated by a radiotherapy technician. SIs were measured by a radiologist. The DN\u2010to\u2010cerebellar white matter (CWM) SI ratios and their relative percentage change (R<jats:sub>change<\/jats:sub>) were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shapiro\u2013Wilk test, paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Pearson and Spearman correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DN\/CWM<jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> ratios or <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>change<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> from the NPM group were significantly higher than those from the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant difference of DN\/CWM<jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> ratios was found between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Positive correlations between <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>change<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>, DN\/CWM<jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> ratio, and the number of IDs were found in both the NPM and control groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The overall changes of DN\/CWM<jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> ratio or <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>change<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> between NPM and control groups were higher for the higher\u2010IDs subgroup (\u226510) than for the lower\u2010IDs subgroup (&lt;10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasopharyngeal irradiation appeared to increase SI in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>WI in NPM patients with NIAs and repeated GBCA administrations relative to control patients who also underwent GBCA administrations, especially when IDs \u226510. However, no significant association between <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\n<jats:italic>change<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and RDs to the DNs was found.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:250\u2013259.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T09:03:31Z","timestamp":1558688611000},"page":"250-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of nasopharyngeal irradiation and gadolinium administration on changes in T<sub>1<\/sub> signal intensity of the dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal malignancy patients without intracranial abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7931-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongbiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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