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These conditions typically cause progressive functional disability. Identification of robust biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is a key imperative to facilitate early identification of the pathological features and to foster a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of individual diseases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most widely used diffusion MRI technique for assessment of neurodegenerative diseases. The DTI parameters are promising biomarkers for evaluation of microstructural changes; however, some limitations of DTI restrict its wider clinical use. New diffusion MRI techniques, such as diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), bi\u2010tensor DTI, and neurite orientation density and dispersion imaging (NODDI) have been demonstrated to provide value addition to DTI for evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review article, we summarize the key technical aspects and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the role of DKI, bi\u2010tensor DTI, and NODDI as biomarkers of microstructural changes in representative neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>5<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2 J. MAGN. RESON. 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