{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1781902868123,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81621003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81621003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and dysfunction of gray matter (GM) has been usually investigated by resting\u2010state functional (f)MRI. However, functional organization of white matter (WM) in chronic schizophrenia remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the WM functional alterations in chronic never\u2010treated schizophrenia and the effects of long\u2010term antipsychotic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five never\u2010treated, 41 matched antipsychotic\u2010treated schizophrenia, and 25 healthy comparison subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resting state (rs)\u2010fMRI, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>WI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) covering the whole brain were acquired with a 3.0T scanner.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Assessment: Amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in WM and the correlation coefficients between WM and GM were examined and compared among the three participant groups by two reviewers independently. Independent component analysis (ICA) was added to evaluate WM\u2010fMRI signals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Statistical Tests: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); Pearson correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Never\u2010treated patients demonstrated lower ALFF in splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) relative to treated patients and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, false discovery rate [FDR]\u2010corrected). While the extracted independent component also located in SCC and showed significantly decreased connectivity in never\u2010treated patients when compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, FDR\u2010corrected). The correlation coefficients of WM\u2010GM displayed greater reductions in the genu of corpus callosum (GCC), pontine crossing tract (PC), bilateral cingulum (hippocampus) (CGH), and bilateral corticospinal tract (CST) in treated patients relative to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, FDR\u2010corrected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide new insight into WM functional alterations over the long\u2010term course of schizophrenia with and without the potential effects of antipsychotic medication. Functional change and abnormal connectivity in SCC were both found greater in untreated patients than treated patients relative to healthy controls, suggesting that long\u2010term antipsychotic treatment may show some protective effects on WM functional organization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> 3<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy:<\/jats:bold> Stage 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:752\u2013763.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T19:03:51Z","timestamp":1576868631000},"page":"752-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Functional Alterations of White Matter in Chronic Never\u2010Treated and Treated Schizophrenia Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Chengmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naici","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu P.R. 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