{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:20:35Z","timestamp":1790364035375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Stack\u2010of\u2010radial multiecho gradient\u2010echo MRI is promising for free\u2010breathing liver quantification and may benefit children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Purpose<\/jats:title>To validate stack\u2010of\u2010radial MRI with self\u2010gating motion compensation in phantoms, and to evaluate it in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Type<\/jats:title>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Phantoms<\/jats:title>Four vials with different driven by a motion stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Subjects<\/jats:title>Sixteen pediatric patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis (five females, 13\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009years, body mass index 29.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Field Strength\/Sequences<\/jats:title>Stack\u2010of\u2010radial, and 2D and 3D Cartesian multiecho gradient\u2010echo sequences at 3T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Assessment<\/jats:title>Ungated and gated stack\u2010of\u2010radial proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and maps were reconstructed without and with self\u2010gating motion compensation. Stack\u2010of\u2010radial measurements of phantoms without and with motion were validated against reference 2D Cartesian results of phantoms without motion. In subjects, free\u2010breathing stack\u2010of\u2010radial and reference breath\u2010hold 3D Cartesian were acquired. Subject inclusion for statistical analysis and region of interest placement were determined independently by two observers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>Phantom results were fitted with a weighted linear model. Demographic differences between excluded and included subjects were tested by multivariate analysis of variance. PDFF and measurements were compared using Bland\u2013Altman analysis. Interobserver agreement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ungated stack\u2010of\u2010radial inside moving phantom vials showed a significant positive bias of 64.3\u2009s\u22121<\/jats:sup> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.00001), unlike gated results (P<\/jats:italic> >\u20090.31). Subject inclusion decisions for statistical analysis from two observers were consistent. No significant differences were found between four excluded and 12 included subjects (P<\/jats:italic> = 0.14). Compared to breath\u2010hold Cartesian, ungated and gated free\u2010breathing stack\u2010of\u2010radial exhibited mean differences of 18.5\u2009s\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 3.6\u2009s\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Mean PDFF differences were 1.1% and 1.0% for ungated and gated measurements, respectively. Interobserver agreement was excellent (ICC for PDFF = 0.99, ICC for =\u20090.90; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.0003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>Stack\u2010of\u2010radial MRI with self\u2010gating motion compensation seems to allow free\u2010breathing liver and PDFF quantification in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T13:38:47Z","timestamp":1591018727000},"page":"118-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Free\u2010Breathing Volumetric Liver and Proton Density Fat Fraction Quantification in Pediatric Patients Using Stack\u2010of\u2010Radial MRI<\/scp> With Self\u2010Gating Motion Compensation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houchun H.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Clinical Science, Hyperfine Guilford Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tess","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hsiu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsu\u2010Chin","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel D.","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan A.R.","family":"Kannengiesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Cary North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhas","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holden H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/469156a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance. 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