{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:11:07Z","timestamp":1782263467229,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1B07046619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07046619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C2088573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C2088573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1l1A3065215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1l1A3065215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C200790611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C200790611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Electrical conductivity imaging at low frequency can provide novel contrast because the contrast mechanisms originate from the changes in the concentration and mobility of ions in the extracellular space.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of an MR\u2010based electrical conductivity imaging that can detect the changes in a tissue condition associated with the progression of liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective phantom and animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fibrosis was induced by weekly intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in 45 male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3T <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> with a multispin\u2010echo pulse sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage change of conductivity (\u0394<jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>, %) in the same region\u2010of\u2010interest (ROI) was calculated from the DMN\u2010treated rats based on the values of the normal control rats. The percentage change was also calculated between the ROIs in each DMN\u2010treated group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver tissues in normal control rats showed a uniform conductivity distribution of 56.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 (mS\/m). In rats more than 5\u2009weeks after induction, the fibrous region showed an increased conductivity of \u226512% compared to that of the corresponding normal control rats. From regional comparisons in the same liver, the fibrous region showed an increased conductivity of \u226511% compared to the opposite, less induced region of rats more than 5\u2009weeks after induction. Liver samples from the fibrous region represent tissue damages such as diffuse centrilobular congestion with marked dilatation of central veins from the histological findings. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant levels of attenuated fibrosis and increased inflammatory response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased conductivity in the fibrous region is related to the changes of the extracellular space. The correlation between the collagen deposition and conductivity changes is essential for future clinical studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:554\u2013563.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T09:49:12Z","timestamp":1593683352000},"page":"554-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["MR\u2010Based Electrical Conductivity Imaging of Liver Fibrosis in an Experimental Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jin Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine  Gwangju 61453 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Bum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of East\u2010West Medical Science Kyung Hee University  Yongin 17104 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hoe","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreas Surgery Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School  Gwangju 61469 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bup Kyung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Seoul 02447 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitish","family":"Katoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Seoul 02447 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied RI Korea Institute of Radiological &amp; Medical Science  Seoul 01812 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Seoul 02447 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eung Je","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Seoul 02447 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2017.00038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S7394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.296095512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09090021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0913-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2298859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2884440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2598546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19124115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22872"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4926920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23960"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"ChoiBK KatochN SajibSZK et al. in vivo mapping of liver tissue damage using MR\u2010based conductivity imaging method. 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