{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1760123008641,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL139358","U01 HD087180","UL1 TR001878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL139358","U01 HD087180","UL1 TR001878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal maternal vascular function during pregnancy stemming from systemic endothelial dysfunction (EDF) has a central role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To utilize quantitative MRI to investigate changes in physiological measures of vascular reactivity during normal pregnancy, and to explore EDF associated with preeclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy pregnant (HP) (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 14, mean GA = 26\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009weeks) and nonpregnant women (NP; <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 14); newly postpartum (PP &lt;48\u2009hours) women with severe PE (PP\u2010PE; <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 4) and normotensive pregnancy (PP\u2010HP; <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1.5T\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">3T<\/jats:styled-content>. RF spoiled multiecho gradient\u2010recalled echo, 1D phase\u2010contrast <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, time\u2010of\u2010flight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The micro\u2010 and macrovascular function (vasodilatory capacity of arterioles and conduit arteries, respectively) of the femoral vascular bed was evaluated with MRI\u2010based venous oximetry, arterial velocimetry, and luminal flow\u2010mediated dilation quantification, during cuff\u2010induced reactive hyperemia. Aortic arch pulse\u2010wave velocity (aPWV) was quantified to assess arterial stiffness using an ungated 1D technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010tailed unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were performed to address our two, primary a priori comparisons, HP vs. NP, and PP\u2010PE vs. PP\u2010HP. Given the pilot nature of this study, adjustments for multiple comparisons were not performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In HP, microvascular function was attenuated compared to NP by a significant increase in the washout time (10\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. 8\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009sec; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and reduced upslope (2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 vs. 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8%HbO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/s; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), time of forward flow (28\u2009\u00b1\u20095 vs. 33\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009sec, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and hyperemic index (11\u2009\u00b1\u20093 vs. 16\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009cm\/s<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but luminal flow\u2010mediated dilatation (FMD<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>)was comparable between HP and NP. PP\u2010PE exhibited significant vascular dysfunction compared to PP\u2010HP, as evidenced by differences in upslope (2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2%HbO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), overshoot (16\u2009\u00b1\u20095 vs. 7\u2009\u00b1\u20093%HbO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), time of forward flow (28\u2009\u00b1\u20096 vs. 15\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and aPWV (7\u2009\u00b1\u20091 vs. 8\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009m\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold> 2<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p><jats:p>J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447\u2013455.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T02:56:04Z","timestamp":1598410564000},"page":"447-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Vascular Reactivity of Maternal Vascular Adaptations of Pregnancy With Quantitative <scp>MRI<\/scp>: Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Langham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra S.","family":"Caporale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  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