{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:40:22Z","timestamp":1779108022311,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid (HPT) maturation has not been extensively evaluated using neonatal MRI, even though both structures are visualized on MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>That signal intensity and volume of pituitary and thyroid (T) glands on MRI in neonates may be interrelated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 102 participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0T, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The volume of interest of the anterior pituitary (AP), posterior pituitary (PP), and T on MRI were defined on T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010PETRA by two radiologists, and volumes of AP (AP_vol) and thyroid (T_vol) were calculated. Gestational age (GA), chronological age (CA), GA+CA, birth weight (BW), and thyroid function were recorded. Mean and maximum signal intensities of AP, PP, and T were normalized using signals from the pons and spinal cord as follows: signal ratio of anterior pituitary\/pons (AP\/pons), signal ratio of posterior pituitary\/pons (PP\/pons), and signal ratio of thyroid\/cord (T\/cord) T\/cord, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Correlations between signal intensity and volume measures and GA, CA, GA+CA, and BW were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Thyroid function analysis and T<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/cord, T<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/cord, and T_vol were evaluated using the Steel\u2013Dwass test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AP<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/pons correlated positively with GA (\u03c1 = 0.62, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and BW (\u03c1 = 0.74, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and negatively with CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.86, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and GA+CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.46, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). PP<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/pons correlated positively with GA (\u03c1 = 0.49, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and BW (\u03c1 = 0.63, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and negatively with CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.70, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and GA+CA (<jats:italic>r =<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u22120.38, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). T<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/cord correlated positively with GA (\u03c1 = 0.48, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and BW (\u03c1 = 0.55, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and negatively with CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.59, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and GA+CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.22, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic> 0.03). AP_vol correlated positively with GA (\u03c1 = 0.68, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and BW (\u03c1 = 0.73, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and negatively with CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.72, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). T_vol correlated positively with GA (\u03c1 = 0.50, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) and BW (\u03c1 = 0.61, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and negatively with CA (\u03c1 = \u22120.54, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). AP<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/pons correlated positively with T<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/cord (\u03c1 = 0.61, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Signal and volume of pituitary and thyroid glands correlated positively with GA and BW, and negatively with CA in neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title><jats:p>5<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T06:32:40Z","timestamp":1602916360000},"page":"1151-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Signal Intensity and Volume of Pituitary and Thyroid Glands in Preterm and Term 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