{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:23:50Z","timestamp":1747149830584,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR enterography (MRE) is generally performed without bowel preparation, but the frequency and extent by which bowel contents affect bowel wall visualization are poorly described in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate MRE bowel wall visualization quality relative to bowel lumen contents and patient demographics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, single\u2010center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and four consecutive patients (mean age 29\u2009years, range 5\u201376\u2009years) without prior bowel resection who had undergone MRE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a087) or 1.5\u2009T (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017)\/T2\u2010weighted single\u2010shot spin echo (T2WI) and fat\u2010saturated T1\u2010weighted gradient echo (T1WI) without and with gadolinium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the proximal and distal jejunum and ileum and colon, three readers independently categorized bowel lumen signal (water\u00a0=\u00a0bright T2 dark T1, T1\u2010bright, or air\u00a0=\u00a0dark T2 and T1 signal) and scored distension (0\u00a0=\u00a0poor, 1\u00a0=\u00a0moderate, 2\u00a0=\u00a0well) and wall enhancement (0\u00a0=\u00a0unclear, 1\u00a0=\u00a0perceptible, 2\u00a0=\u00a0clear) based upon gadolinium enhanced T1WI for the 104 MRE exams). The bowel visualization score was the sum of the wall enhancement and distension scores and was considered adequate if \u22653.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bowel lumen content was water signal in 93% (97\/104 scans), 92% (95\/104), 98% (102\/104), and 93% (92\/104) of the proximal and distal jejunum and proximal and distal ileum, respectively, but only in 12.5% (13\/104) of the colon. There was adequate bowel visualization of 53.8%, 77.8%, 84.6%, 90.4% of the proximal and distal jejunum and proximal and distal ileum, respectively, but only 19.2% of the colon. In children (age\u2009&lt;\u200918\u2009years), the visualization score of the ileum was lower when the adjacent colon contained air (2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97) compared to water (3.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) or T1\u2010bright material (3.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Without bowel preparation, colon wall visualization was often unsatisfactory at MRE, and air\u2010filled colon also degraded small bowel visualization, particularly in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T05:56:39Z","timestamp":1614923799000},"page":"728-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bowel Wall Visualization Using MR Enterography in Relationship to Bowel Lumen Contents and Patient Demographics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Chou","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Tri\u2010Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen Jane","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek C.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Ohliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging UCSF Medical Center  San Francisco California 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