{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1783649298845,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8171399, 81922040, 82071457, 92059103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8171399, 81922040, 82071457, 92059103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focal cortical dysplasia IIIa (FCD IIIa) is a common histopathological finding in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, subtle alterations in the temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa renders presurgical diagnosis and definition of the resective range challenging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore neuroimaging phenotyping and structural\u2010metabolic\u2010electrophysiological alterations in FCD IIIa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and sixty\u2010seven subjects aged 4\u201339\u2009years, including 64 FCD IIIa patients, 89 healthy controls and 14 FCD I patients as disease controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T, fast\u2010spin\u2010echo T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), synthetic T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surface\u2010based linear model was applied to reveal neuroimaging phenotyping in FCD IIIa and assess its relationship with clinical variables. Logistic regression was implemented to identify FCD IIIa patients. Epileptogenicity mapping (EM) was conducted to explore the structural\u2010metabolic\u2010electrophysiological alterations in temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was applied to determine the significance of paired differences. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the goodness\u2010of\u2010fit (GOF) of the models, combined with the Hosmer\u2010Lemeshow test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FCD IIIa exhibited widespread hyperintensities in temporal neocortex, and these alterations correlated with disease duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>uncorrected<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Machine learning model accurately identified 84.4% of FCD IIIa patients, 92.1% of healthy controls and 92.9% of FCD I patients. Cross\u2010modality analysis showed a significant negative correlation between FLAIR hyperintensity and positron emission tomography hypometabolism <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Furthermore, epileptogenic cortices were located predominantly in brain regions with FLAIR hyperintensity and hypometabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>FCD IIIa exhibited widespread temporal neocortex FLAIR hyperintensity. Automated machine learning of neuroimaging patterns is conducive for accurate identification of FCD IIIa. The degree and distribution of morphological alterations related to the extent of metabolic and epileptogenic abnormalities, lending support to its potential value for reduction of the radiative and invasive approaches during presurgical workup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T15:31:38Z","timestamp":1619191898000},"page":"925-935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neuroimaging Phenotyping and Assessment of Structural\u2010Metabolic\u2010Electrophysiological Alterations in the Temporal Neocortex of Focal Cortical Dysplasia <scp>IIIa<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajie","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2754-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Xi'an Polytechnic University  Xi'an 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