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Measuring cerebral hemodynamic parameters, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), is clinically important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phase\u2010contrast (PC), velocity\u2010selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL), and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010relaxation\u2010under\u2010phase\u2010contrast (TRUPC) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that have shown promising results in assessing cerebral hemodynamics in humans. We aimed to test their feasibility in quantifying CBF, OEF, and CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten neonatal piglets subacutely recovered from global hypoxia\u2010ischemia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), excitotoxic brain injury (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), or sham procedure (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>VSASL, TRUPC, and PC MRI acquired at 3.0\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regional CBF was measured by VSASL. Global CBF was quantified by both PC and VSASL. TRUPC assessed OEF at the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and internal cerebral veins (ICVs). CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was calculated from global CBF and SSS\u2010derived OEF. End\u2010tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) levels of the piglets were also measured. Brain damage was assessed in tissue sections postmortem by counting damaged neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate associations among CBF (by PC or VSASL), OEF, CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and the pathological neuron counts. Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was used to compare OEF at SSS with OEF at ICV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global CBF was 32.1\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/minute and 30.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/minute for PC and VSASL, respectively, showing a significant correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). OEF was 54.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8% at SSS and 46.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6% at ICV, showing a significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Global CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was 79.1\u2009\u00b1\u200926.2\u2009\u03bcmol\/100\u2009g\/minute and 77.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2 \u03bcmol\/100\u2009g\/minute using PC and VSASL\u2010derived CBF, respectively. EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correlated positively with PC\u2010based CBF (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.81, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but negatively with OEF at SSS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Relative CBF of subcortical brain regions and OEF at ICV did not significantly correlate, respectively, with the ratios of degenerating\u2010to\u2010total neurons (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010contrast MRI can quantify cerebral hemodynamic parameters in normal and brain\u2010injured neonatal piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T03:23:10Z","timestamp":1620357790000},"page":"1053-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<scp>Multi\u2010Parametric<\/scp> Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Neonatal Piglets Using <scp>Non\u2010Contrast\u2010<\/scp>Enhanced <scp>Magnetic Resonance Imaging<\/scp> Methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. 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