{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:43:30Z","timestamp":1777635810211,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ek0109412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20gk0110051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20gk0110051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K08581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K08581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008884","name":"Nakatani Foundation for Advancement of Measuring Technologies in Biomedical Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>When determining treatment strategies for male infertility, it is important to evaluate spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution in the testes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the usefulness of creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) imaging for evaluating spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6 control mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05) and model mice of male infertility induced by whole testis X\u2010ray irradiation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) or localized X\u2010ray irradiation to lower regions of testes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 11.7\u2010T vertical\u2010bore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\/segmented fast low\u2010angle shot acquisition for CEST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The magnetization transfer ratio for the CrCEST effect (MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub>) was calculated in each testis of the control mice and X\u2010ray irradiation model mice at 10, 15, 20, and 30\u2009days after irradiation. Correlation analysis was performed between MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> and Johnsen's score, a histological score for spermatogenesis. In the localized X\u2010ray irradiation model, regional MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> and Johnsen's score were calculated for correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unpaired t\u2010test, one\u2010way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD test and Pearson's correlation analysis. A\u2009<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the irradiation model, CrCEST imaging revealed a significant linear decrease of MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> after irradiation (control, 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6; 10\u2009days, 7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8; 15\u2009days, 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6; 20\u2009days, 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0; 30\u2009days, 4.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8). A significant linear correlation was found between MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> and Johnsen's score (Pearson's correlation coefficient (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>)\u00a0=\u00a00.79). In the localized irradiation model, CrCEST imaging visualized a significant regional decrease of MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> in the unshielded region (shielded, 6.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7; unshielded, 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0), and a significant linear correlation was found between regional MTR<jats:sub>Cr*<\/jats:sub> and Johnsen's score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.78).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular CrCEST effects correlated well with spermatogenesis. CrCEST imaging was useful for evaluating spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T04:52:08Z","timestamp":1622436728000},"page":"1457-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Visualization of Spatial Distribution of Spermatogenesis in Mouse Testes Using Creatine Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology National 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