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In vivo phosphorus\u201031 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS) at 7\u2009T offers the possibility to assess this concentration noninvasively with high spectral resolution and signal intensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of PtdC levels of cholangiopathic patient groups to a control group using a measured T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation time of PtdC in healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two patient groups with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, 2f\/3\u2009m; age: 43\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, 4f\/2\u2009m; age: 57\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009years), and a healthy control group (CON, 2f\/3\u2009m; age: 38\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years). Ten healthy subjects for the assessment of the T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation time of PtdC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3D phase\u2010encoded pulse\u2010acquire <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRSI sequence for PtdC quantification and a 1D image\u2010selected in vivo <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P spectroscopy for T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> estimation at 7\u2009T, and a T2\u2010weighted half\u2010Fourier single\u2010shot turbo spin echo MRI sequence for volumetry at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calculation of gallbladder volumes and PtdC concentration in groups using hepatic gamma\u2010adenosine triphosphate signal as an internal reference and correction for insufficient relaxation of PtdC with a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> value assessed in healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group comparison of PtdC content and gallbladder volumes of the PSC\/PBC and CON group using Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests with a significance level of 5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PtdC T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> value of 357\u2009\u00b1\u200985\u2009msec in the gallbladder. Significant lower PtdC content for the PSC group, and for the female subgroup of the PBC group compared to the CON group (PSC\/CON: 5.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009mM vs. 9.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97\u2009mM, PBC(f)\/CON: 5.77\u2009\u00b1\u20091.44\u2009mM vs. 9.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97\u2009mM). Significant higher gallbladder volumes of the patient groups compared to the CON group (PSC\/CON: 66.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915.8\u2009mL vs. 20.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009mL, PBC\/CON: 49.8\u2009\u00b1\u200918.2\u2009mL vs. 20.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009mL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated the application of a <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRSI protocol for the quantification of PtdC in the human gallbladder at 7\u2009T. Observed differences in PtdC concentration suggest that this metabolite could serve as a biomarker for specific hepatobiliary disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T08:51:00Z","timestamp":1625475060000},"page":"530-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Concentration of Gallbladder Phosphatidylcholine in Cholangiopathies: A Phosphorus\u201031 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Pfleger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and 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