{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:38:51Z","timestamp":1772109531924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004322","name":"Shiseido Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14th Shiseido Female Researcher Science Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14th Shiseido Female Researcher Science Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noninvasive cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging is useful for managing large cerebral artery steno\u2010occlusive diseases. However, knowledge about its measurement characteristics in comparison with reference standard perfusion imaging is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate perfusion in a longitudinal manner in patients with steno\u2010occlusive disease using ASL and compare with single\u2010photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moyamoya (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200910, eight females) and atherosclerotic diseases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20092, two males).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0\u2009T; gradient\u2010echo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">three\u2010dimensional T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u2010weighted and spin\u2010echo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi\u2010delay ASL and [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u2010iodoamphetamine SPECT CBF measurements were performed both before and within 9\u2009days of anterior\u2010circulation revascularization. Reliability and sensitivity to whole\u2010brain voxel\u2010wise CBF changes (\u0394CBF) and their postlabeling delay (PLD) dependency with varied PLDs (in milliseconds) of 1000, 2333, and 3666 were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reliability and sensitivity to \u0394CBF were examined using within\u2010subject standard deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). For statistical comparisons, standard deviation of longitudinal \u0394CBF within the hemisphere contralateral to surgery, and the ratio between it and average \u0394CBF within the ipsilateral regions of interest were subjected to paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests, respectively. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ASL test\u2013retest time interval was 31\u2009\u00b1\u200918\u2009days. Test\u2013retest reliability was significantly lower for SPECT (0.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02) than ASL (0.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04). Sensitivity to postoperative changes was significantly higher for ASL (2.71\u2009\u00b1\u20092.79) than SPECT (0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62). Test\u2013retest reliability was significantly higher for a PLD of 2333 (0.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04) than 3666 (0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05), and sensitivity to \u0394CBF was significantly higher for PLDs of 1000 (2.53\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50) and 2333 than 3666 (0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20091.88). ICC maps also showed higher reliability for ASL than SPECT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher test\u2013retest reliability led to better ASL sensitivity than SPECT for postoperative \u0394CBF. ASL test\u2013retest reliability and sensitivity to \u0394CBF were higher with a PLD of 2333.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T14:22:59Z","timestamp":1636986179000},"page":"1723-1732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reliability and Sensitivity to Longitudinal <scp>CBF<\/scp> Changes in <scp>Steno\u2010Occlusive<\/scp> Diseases: <scp>ASL<\/scp> Versus <scp><sup>123<\/sup>I\u2010IMP\u2010SPECT<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiori","family":"Amemiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, 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