{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:22:33Z","timestamp":1747149753021,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201006137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201006137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three\u2010dimensional (3D) bioprinted tissue scaffold is a promising therapeutic that goes beyond providing physical support for tissue regeneration by enabling precise spatial control over scaffold geometry and integration of different materials\/cells. Critically important is in vivo confirmation of correct scaffold placement and retention during the initial 24\u00a0hours postimplantation, to detect unwanted implant migration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To incorporate a safe, efficient MR contrast agent into a bioprinting workflow, and to achieve bright\u2010contrast scaffold monitoring in vivo postimplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro and animal in vivo longitudinal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two female Sprague Dawley rats (~200\u2009g) for labeled and unlabeled scaffold implantation in the subcutaneous dorsal space flanking the vertebral column.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 7.0\u2009T\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\u2010weighted spin echo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) sequence and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> mapping using turbo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> with variable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">repetition times (TRs<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell viability and proliferation were assessed over 2\u2009weeks after labeling bioprinted gelatin\/alginate scaffolds with MnPNH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (0.5\u2009mM, 24\u00a0hours). In vitro MRI was performed 0, 12, and 24\u00a0hours postlabeling in nine labeled and three unlabeled (control) scaffolds to monitor T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> evolution. In vivo MRI was performed immediately and 24\u00a0hours postimplantation to assess T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. Acute inflammation near surgical site was monitored in one rat to 3\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010way analysis of variance with Tukey\u2013Kramer post hoc analysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell viability was unaffected by bioprinting\/labeling: viability exceeded 90% in all scaffolds after 1\u2009week. In vitro T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>'s were significantly lower in labeled scaffolds compared to control (207\u2009msec vs. 2257\u2009msec) immediately postlabeling and 24\u00a0hours later (1227\u2009msec vs. 2257\u2009msec). In vivo T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>'s were significantly different (243.6\u00a0msec vs. 2414.6\u00a0msec) immediately postimplantation, and no differences emerged compared to respective in vitro control\/labeled counterparts. The 24\u2010hours imaging and gross pathology confirmed migration of scaffolds beyond the imaging field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report an MR\u2010detectable, cell\u2010compatible bioprinted scaffold, utilizing a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighting contrast agent for high\u2010resolution, postimplantation scaffold tracking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1641543998000},"page":"570-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Bioprinted <scp>MR\u2010Trackable<\/scp> Regenerative Scaffold for <scp>Postimplantation<\/scp> Monitoring on <scp>T1\u2010Weighted MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadi","family":"Loai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology &amp; Engineering Program  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology &amp; Engineering Program  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0733-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai\u2010Ling Margaret","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology &amp; Engineering Program  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"e190004","article-title":"Clinical perspectives on 3D bioprinting paradigms for regenerative medicine","volume":"1","author":"Loai S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regen Med Front"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/10\/3\/034002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2017.0346"},{"volume-title":"Manganese\u2010based positive\u2010contrast MRI for non\u2010invasive monitoring of biomaterials and cells in tissue engineering","year":"2020","author":"Szulc DA","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10070474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201301275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/bi.2016.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11092337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34226-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide fails to track the long\u2010term fate of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into heart","volume":"51","author":"Ma N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-016-9931-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b10748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201800330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1607-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1084095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000192420.94038.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30661-w"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.28057","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmri.28057","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.28057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T03:26:49Z","timestamp":1692847609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.28057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.28057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.28057","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1053-1807"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1522-2586"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}