{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:08:49Z","timestamp":1788401329718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01\u2010HL136484\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01\u2010HL136484\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous blood oxygenation (Yv), which can be derived from venous blood T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>b), combined with oxygen\u2010extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, is considered indicative for tissue viability and brain functioning and frequently assessed in patients with sickle cell disease. Recently, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010Prepared\u2010Blood\u2010Relaxation\u2010Imaging\u2010with\u2010Inversion\u2010Recovery (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR) was introduced allowing for simultaneous measurements of blood T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>b), potentially improving Yv estimation by overcoming the need to estimate hematocrit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To optimize and compare T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR with T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010relaxation\u2010under\u2010spin\u2010tagging (TRUST) sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12 healthy volunteers (six female, 27\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009years old) and 7 patients with sickle cell disease (five female, 32\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years old).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T; turbo field echo planar imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TFEPI<\/jats:styled-content>), echo planar imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPI<\/jats:styled-content>), and fast field echo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>b, Yv, and OEF from TRUST and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR were compared and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR\u2010derived T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>b was assessed. Within\u2010 and between\u2010session repeatability was quantified in the controls, whereas sensitivity to hemodynamic changes after acetazolamide (ACZ) administration was assessed in the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shapiro\u2013Wilk, one\u2010sample and paired\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, repeated measures ANOVA, mixed linear model, Bland\u2013Altman analysis and correlation analysis. Sidak multiple\u2010comparison correction was performed. Significance level was 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In controls, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>b from T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR (70\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009msec) was higher compared to TRUST (60\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009msec). In patients, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>b values were lower pre\u2010 compared to post\u2010ACZ administration (TRUST: 80\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009msec and 106\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009msec and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR: 95\u2009\u00b1\u200921\u2009msec and 125\u2009\u00b1\u200936\u2009msec). Consequently, Yv and OEF were lower and higher pre\u2010 compared to post\u2010ACZ administration (TRUST Yv: 68%\u2009\u00b1\u20097% and 77%\u2009\u00b1\u20098%, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR Yv: 74%\u2009\u00b1\u20098% and 80%\u2009\u00b1\u20096%, TRUST OEF: 30%\u2009\u00b1\u20097% and 21%\u2009\u00b1\u20098%, and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR OEF: 25%\u2009\u00b1\u20098% and 18%\u2009\u00b1\u20096%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TRUST and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR are reproducible, but T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010TRIR\u2010derived T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>b values are significantly higher compared to TRUST, resulting in higher Yv and lower OEF estimates. This bias might be considered when evaluating cerebral oxygen homeostasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T19:13:20Z","timestamp":1643138000000},"page":"516-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Blood <scp>T<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> Values Measured by <scp>T<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010TRIR<\/scp> and <scp>TRUST<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-9241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen P. 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