{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:59:50Z","timestamp":1784246390375,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantification of pancreatic fat (PF) and intrahepatic lipids (IHL) is of increasing interest in subjects at risk for metabolic diseases. There is limited data available on short\u2010 and medium\u2010term variability of PF\/IHL and on their dependence on nutritional status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess short\u2010term intraday variations of PF\/IHL after a high\u2010fat meal as well as medium\u2010term changes after 5\u2009days of high\u2010caloric diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 12 subjects (six males) for intraday variations study, 15 male subjects for medium\u2010term high\u2010caloric diet study and 11 age\u2010 and body mass index (BMI)\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3\u2009T; chemical\u2010shift encoded multiecho gradient echo sequence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the intraday study, subjects were scanned after overnight fasting and after a high fat meal on the same day. For the medium\u2010term study, 26 subjects were scanned after overnight fasting with 15\/11 rescanned after 5\u2009days of high\u2010calorie diet\/isocaloric diet. Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps were generated inline on the scanner. Regions of interest were manually drawn in head, body, and tail of pancreas and in the liver by a medical physicist and a doctoral student (26\/4\u2009years of experience). PF was calculated as the average of the head, body, and tail measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Repeated measurements ANOVA for assessing changes in PF\/IHL, linear correlation analyses for assessing relationships of PF\/IHL with BMI. Significance level\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonsignificant changes in PF (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 vs. 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9% after high\u2010fat meal, 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% [high\u2010caloric diet] and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0% [isocaloric control group]), nonsignificant changes in IHL after high\u2010fat meal (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9%) and in the control group (1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%), significantly increased IHL after high\u2010caloric diet (1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2% vs. 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6%). Nonsignificant changes in PF (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 vs. 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9% after high\u2010fat meal, 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% [high\u2010caloric diet] and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0% [isocaloric control group]), nonsignificant changes in IHL after high\u2010fat meal (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9%) and in the control group (1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%), significantly increased IHL after 5\u2010days of high\u2010caloric diet (1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2% vs. 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time of day and nutritional status have no significant influence on PF\/IHL and are therefore not likely to be major confounders in epidemiologic or clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T11:58:44Z","timestamp":1643284724000},"page":"1018-1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Short\u2010Term Variability of Proton Density Fat Fraction in Pancreas and Liver Assessed by Multiecho Chemical\u2010Shift Encoding\u2010Based\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    at 3\u00a0T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Machann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maytee","family":"Hasenbalg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital  T\u00fcbingen 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