{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:59:44Z","timestamp":1790801984016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(Grant No. 81830056, 61901462,82171904);"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Grant No. 81830056, 61901462,82171904);"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012571","name":"Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1212060051;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060051;"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early detection and grading of liver inflammation are important for the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. There is still lack of a noninvasive way for the inflammation characterization in NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess liver inflammation grades by water specific T1 (wT1) in a rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal model<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 65 male rats with methionine\u2010choline\u2010deficient diet\u2010induced NAFLD and 15 male normal rats as control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2009T; multiecho variable flip angle gradient echo sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The wT1 and proton density fat fraction were quantified. Inflammation and fibrosis were assessed histologically with H&amp;E and Sirius red stained slices according to the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scoring system. Inflammation grade was scored with G0\/G1\/G2\/G3 as none\/mild\/moderate\/severe inflammation in NALFD rats. G0\u2009+\u2009G1 and G2\u2009+\u2009G3 were combined as none\u2010to\u2010mild grade (GL) and moderate\u2010to\u2010severe grade (GH) inflammation groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann\u2013Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. The areas under ROC (AUROC) was used for the diagnostic performance of wT1 in discriminating GH and GL. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six rats were included in the analysis. The numbers in G0\u2013G3 groups were 5, 16, 13, and 27. wT1 of G0\u2013G3 was 568.55\u2009\u00b1\u200963.93\u2009msec, 582.53\u2009\u00b1\u200962.98\u2009msec, 521.21\u2009\u00b1\u200967.31\u2009msec, and 508.79\u2009\u00b1\u200960.53\u2009msec. A moderate but significant negative correlation between wT1 and histopathological inflammation grades was observed (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.42). The wT1 of GH (512.80\u2009\u00b1\u200962.22\u2009msec) was significantly lower than GL (579.20\u2009\u00b1\u200961.89\u2009msec). The AUROC of wT1 was 0.79, and the optimal cut\u2010off of wT1 was 562.64\u2009msec (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 76%), for the discrimination of GL and GH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>wT1 could differentiate none\u2010to\u2010mild inflammation from moderate\u2010to\u2010severe inflammation in the early stage of the NAFLD rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:00:46Z","timestamp":1645783246000},"page":"1429-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Water Specific <scp>MRI T1<\/scp> Mapping for Evaluating Liver Inflammation Activity Grades in Rats With <scp>Methionine\u2010Choline\u2010Deficient<\/scp> Diet\u2010Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenzhen 518055 China"},{"name":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenzhen 518055 China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenzhen 518055 China"},{"name":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing 100044 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul C. 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