{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:35:00Z","timestamp":1779910500228,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>World Health Organization classification and Masaoka\u2010Koga stage are widely used for thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Reduced field\u2010of\u2010view (rFOV) diffusion\u2010weighed imaging (DWI) proved to improve the image quality. Dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced (DCE) MRI was commonly used in evaluating tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the value of multiparametric MRI in evaluating TETs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010seven participants including 38 low risk (52.08\u2009\u00b1\u200914.19\u2009years), 30 high risk (52.40\u2009\u00b1\u200911.35\u2009years), and 19 thymic carcinoma patients (59.76\u2009\u00b1\u200910.78\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2009T, turbo spin echo imaging, echo planar imaging, volumetric interpolated breath\u2010hold examination with radial acquisition trajectory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>DCE\u2010MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) variables were compared. Diagnostic performances of single significant factor and combined model were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parameters were compared using one\u2010way ANOVA or independent\u2010samples t test. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the combined model. Receiver operating curves (ROC) and DeLong's test were used to compare the diagnostic efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ADC, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>, and <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>ep<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values were significantly different among low\u2010risk, high\u2010risk and carcinoma group (ADC, 1.279\u2009\u00b1\u20090.345\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec, 0.978\u2009\u00b1\u20090.260\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec, 0.661\u2009\u00b1\u20090.134\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec; <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup> 0.167\u2009\u00b1\u20090.071\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 0.254\u2009\u00b1\u20090.136\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 0.393\u2009\u00b1\u20090.110\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>ep<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> 0.345\u2009\u00b1\u20090.113\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 0.560\u2009\u00b1\u20090.269\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 0.872\u2009\u00b1\u20090.149\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). They were significantly different for early stage and advanced stage (ADC, 1.270\u2009\u00b1\u20090.356\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec vs. 0.845\u2009\u00b1\u20090.251\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/sec; <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup> 0.179\u2009\u00b1\u20090.092\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs. 0.304\u2009\u00b1\u20090.142\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>ep<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> 0.370\u2009\u00b1\u20090.181\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs. 0.674\u2009\u00b1\u20090.362\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). The combination of them had highest diagnostic efficiency for WHO classification (AUC, 0.925; sensitivity, 83.7%; specificity, 89.5%), clinical stage (AUC, 0.879; sensitivity, 80.9%; specificity, 82.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiparametric MRI model may be useful for discriminating WHO classification and clinical stage of TETs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficiency<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:06:13Z","timestamp":1649858773000},"page":"1487-1496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Correlation With Pathological Subtypes and Clinical Stages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Jia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 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