{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:35:10Z","timestamp":1765233310325,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA 3353\/4\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA 3353\/4\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>T1\u03c1 mapping has been proposed for the detection of early cartilage degeneration associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there are limited data surrounding the influence of ankle loading on T1\u03c1 relaxation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate T1\u03c1 relaxation times of talar cartilage, as an indicator of early degenerative changes, associated with CAI and to investigate the influence of acute axial in situ loading on T1\u03c1 values in CAI patients and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 9 patients (age\u00a0=\u00a021.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009years, male\/female\u00a0=\u00a02\/7) with chronic ankle instability and 18 healthy control subjects (age\u00a0=\u00a022.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6\u2009years, male\/female\u00a0=\u00a05\/13).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D gradient echo fast low\u2010angle shot (FLASH) sequence augmented with a variable spin\u2010lock preparation period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankle T1\u03c1 mapping was performed without and with axial loading of 500\u2009N. The talar cartilage was segmented in five coronal slices covering the central talocrural joint. Median talar T1\u03c1 values were separately calculated for the medial and lateral facets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mann\u2013Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests, significance level: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the combined cohorts, the statistical analysis yielded significantly lower T1\u03c1 values with loading compared to the no\u2010load measurement for both the lateral (no load: [51.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0] msec, load: [49.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4] msec) as well as the medial compartment (no load: [50.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4] msec, load: [47.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8] msec). In the unloaded scans, the CAI patients showed significantly increased talar T1\u03c1 values ([53.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4] mse ) compared to the healthy control subjects ([48.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1] msec) in the medial compartment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased talar T1\u03c1 relaxation times in CAI patients compared to healthy controls suggest that T1\u03c1 relaxation is a sensitive biomarker for CAI\u2010induced early\u2010stage cartilage degeneration. However, the load\u2010induced T1\u03c1 change did not prove to be a viable marker for the altered biomechanical properties of the hyaline talar cartilage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T10:12:39Z","timestamp":1653473559000},"page":"611-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biomechanical Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Talar Cartilage Matrix: The Value of T1\u03c1 Relaxation Mapping Without and With Mechanical Loading"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7467-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia M.","family":"Jungmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg  Freiburg 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