{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:08:23Z","timestamp":1784855303384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"Alzheimer Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WE.03\u20102018\u201012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE.03\u20102018\u201012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, measured as changes in blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signal, is a potential new cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) severity marker. Before clinical application, the effect of aging on BOLD parameters, and reproducibility and test\u2013retest reliability of these parameters should be assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess the effect of healthy aging on cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD amplitude, time to peak, and time to baseline). And determine reproducibility and test\u2013retest reliability of these parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective\u2010observational.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010six healthy adults (mean age 56\u2009years, 55% female), 10 presymptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers (mean age 34\u2009years, 70% female), and 10 symptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers (mean age 54\u2009years, 70% female).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010T, three\u2010dimensional (3D) T1\u2010weighted MRI and gradient echo BOLD fMRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess test\u2013retest reliability of BOLD parameters, i.e. BOLD amplitude, time to peak, and time to baseline, BOLD fMRI scans were repeated three times immediately after each other, in both controls and mutation carriers. To assess reproducibility, BOLD fMRI scans were repeated with a 3\u2010week interval for each subject.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear regression analyses and two\u2010way mixed absolute agreement intra\u2010class correlation approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy aging was associated with decreased BOLD amplitude (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.711) and prolonged time to baseline (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.236) in the visual cortex after visual stimulation Reproducibility of BOLD amplitude was excellent (ICC 0.940) in the subgroup of healthy adults. Test\u2013retest reliability for BOLD amplitude was excellent in healthy adults (ICC 0.856\u20130.910) and presymptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers (ICC 0.959\u20130.981). In symptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers, test\u2013retest reliability was poor for all parameters (ICCs\u2009&lt;\u20090.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy aging is associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, measured by changes in BOLD response to visual stimulation. The BOLD amplitude appears to be a robust measurement in healthy adults and presymptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers, but not in symptomatic D\u2010CAA mutation carriers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T09:09:45Z","timestamp":1658740185000},"page":"909-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aging Effect, Reproducibility, and Test\u2013Retest Reliability of a New Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy <scp>MRI<\/scp> Severity Marker\u2014Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Visual Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1957-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Lak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadieh","family":"Drenth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hafkemeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge A.R.B.","family":"Rombouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden 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