{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:28:06Z","timestamp":1792452486705,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\u201029\u201010040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\u201029\u201010040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\u20101300030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\u20101300030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes a number of molecular and cellular alterations. There is evidence of an imbalance between the main excitatory (glutamate, Glu) and the main inhibitory (gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid [GABA]) neurotransmitters following mTBI. In vivo human GABA\u2013Glu balance studies following mTBI are sparse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of acute mTBI on the GABA concentration measured in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of pediatric patients by using the macromolecular (MM)\u2010suppressed GABA J\u2010editing technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective patient and phantom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 14 pediatric patients (mean age 16.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7) with acute mTBI (&lt;3\u2009days after trauma; Glasgow Coma Scale 15) and 16 healthy volunteers (mean age 16.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8). Phantom: 524\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> sphere containing 10\u2009mM glycine, 10\u2009mM GABA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2009T, MEGA\u2010PRESS pulse sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>GABA spectra were processed in Gannet software. MM\u2010suppressed GABA editing efficiency was derived from the phantom study. Absolute GABA and glutamate\u2009+\u2009glutamine (Glx) concentrations were quantified using different types of correction and compared between groups. <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) levels relative to tCr were also compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shapiro\u2013Wilk test, Mann\u2013Whitney U test, Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Pearson or Spearman correlations. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MM\u2010suppressed GABA editing efficiency was 0.63. GABA signal fit error was &lt;16% for all participants. The GABA concentration in the PCC of the mTBI group was significantly different from that in healthy controls: GABA\/tCr was higher by 27%, absolute GABA concentration with different types of correction was higher by \u224817%. No significant differences were observed in Glx concentrations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.32) or in Glx\/tCr (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.1), NAA\/tCr (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.55), and Cho\/tCr levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.85).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report an increase in the GABA concentration in the PCC region in acute mTBI pediatric patients. This may suggest activation of GABA synthesis and impairment of the GABAergic system after acute mTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T12:07:10Z","timestamp":1661774830000},"page":"1433-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Macromolecular\u2010Suppressed <scp>GABA<\/scp>\u2010Edited <scp>MR<\/scp> Spectroscopy in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex of Patients With Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5022-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Manzhurtsev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Moscow State University  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey N.","family":"Yakovlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr A.","family":"Bulanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Moscow State University  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Philips Healthcare  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr E.","family":"Menshchikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Philips Healthcare  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim V.","family":"Ublinskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya A.","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolib A.","family":"Akhadov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Moscow State University  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Semenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"Moscow State University  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"N.N. 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