{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:09:23Z","timestamp":1774429763803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81720108022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81720108022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about internal carotid artery (ICA) hemodynamics in patients with moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) and its role in cerebrovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize ICA hemodynamics in MMA patients by 4D flow MRI and investigate its relationship with cerebrovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy MMA patients (50\u2009years old\u2009\u00b1\u20099, 30 males).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time\u2010resolved three\u2010directional velocity encoded fast field echo sequence (4D flow) MRI, T1\u2010weighted fast field echo sequence, T2 weighted turbo spin echo sequence, diffusion weighted echo planar imaging; T2\u2010weighted fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery turbo spin echo sequence, susceptibility weighted fast field echo sequence, and time\u2010of\u2010flight MR angiography fast field echo sequence at 3.0T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICA hemodynamics (maximum and average velocity [V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, V<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub>], average blood flow [Flow<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub>], and wall shear stress) were analyzed based on 4D flow data. Cerebral infarction, defined as the occurrence of events, in 124 brain hemispheres was determined according to clinical symptoms and conventional brain MR imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>The independent\u2010samples <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> test was used to evaluate differences in ICA hemodynamics between infarcted and non\u2010infarcted hemispheres. Binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between ICA hemodynamics and events. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value &lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010one infarcted hemispheres (eight hemispheres with acute ischemic damage, 30 with chronic ischemic damage, and 23 with chronic hemorrhagic damage) had cerebrovascular events and 63 non\u2010infarcted hemispheres did not. The hemodynamic parameters in the infarcted hemispheres (V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; V<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub>: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003; and Flow<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub>: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) were significantly lower than those in the non\u2010infarcted hemispheres. However, V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.052), V<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.107), and Flow<jats:sub>avg<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.074) were not significantly different among hemispheres with acute ischemic lesions, chronic ischemic lesions and chronic hemorrhagic lesions. V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> (odds ratio 3.033, 95% CI: 1.075\u20138.562) was independently associated with cerebrovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> maybe a higher risk factor of cerebrovascular events in MMA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T10:18:24Z","timestamp":1667989104000},"page":"61-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Events in Moyamoya Angiopathy Using <scp>4D<\/scp> Flow <scp>MRI<\/scp>: A Pilot 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