{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:09:31Z","timestamp":1791839371667,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC0117703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0117703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessing the glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI\u2010ALPS) may be helpful for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess glymphatic function using DTI\u2010ALPS and its associations with global white matter damage and cognitive impairment in mTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four controls (44.1% female, mean age 49.2\u2009years) and 58 mTBI subjects (43.1% female, mean age 48.7\u2009years), including uncomplicated mTBI (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) and complicated mTBI (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010T, single\u2010shot echo\u2010planar imaging sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done within 1\u2009month since injury. DTI\u2010ALPS was performed to assess glymphatic function, and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) was used to assess global white matter damage. Cognitive tests included Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span Test (forward and backward).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroimaging findings comparisons were done between mTBI and control groups. Partial correlation and multivariable linear regression assessed the associations between DTI\u2010ALPS, PSMD, and cognitive impairment. Mediation effects of PSMD on the relationship between DTI\u2010ALPS and cognitive impairment were explored. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant, except for cognitive correlational analyses with a Bonferroni\u2010corrected <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value set at 0.05\/3\u2009\u2248\u20090.017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>mTBI showed lower DTI\u2010ALPS and higher PSMD, especially in complicated mTBI. DTI\u2010ALPS was significantly correlated with verbal memory (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.566), attention abilities (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.792), executive function (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.618), and PSMD (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.533). DTI\u2010ALPS was associated with verbal memory (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.00, 12.54), attention abilities (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.67, 95% CI 4.56, 6.97), executive function (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.34, 95% CI 1.49, 3.20), and PSMD (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.79, 95% CI \u22121.15, \u22120.43). PSMD mediated 46.29%, 20.46%, and 24.36% of the effects for the relationship between DTI\u2010ALPS and verbal memory, attention abilities, and executive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glymphatic function may be impaired in mTBI reflected by DTI\u2010ALPS. Glymphatic dysfunction may cause cognitive impairment related to global white matter damage after mTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T06:52:53Z","timestamp":1686120773000},"page":"639-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Associations of <scp>MRI<\/scp>\u2010Derived Glymphatic System Impairment With Global White Matter Damage and Cognitive Impairment in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A <scp>DTI\u2010ALPS<\/scp> Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Dian\u2010Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Meng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao\u2010Qiao","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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