{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:08Z","timestamp":1786978088992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Perfusion and diffusion coexist in the placenta and can be altered by pathologies. The two\u2010perfusion model, where\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and,\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n are the perfusion\u2010fraction of the fastest and slowest perfusion compartment, respectively, and\n D<\/jats:italic>\n is the diffusion coefficient, may help differentiate between normal and impaired placentas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Investigate the potential of the two\u2010perfusion IVIM model in differentiating between normal and abnormal placentas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study\u2010Type<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective, case\u2013control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n 43 normal pregnancy, 9 fetal\u2010growth\u2010restriction (FGR), 6 small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA), 4 accreta, 1 increta and 2 percreta placentas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n Diffusion\u2010weighted\u2010echo planar imaging sequence at 1.5\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Voxel\u2010wise signal\u2010correction and fitting\u2010controls were used to avoid overfitting obtaining that two\u2010perfusion model fitted the observed data better than the IVIM model (Akaike weight: 0.94). The two\u2010perfusion parametric\u2010maps were quantified from ROIs in the fetal and maternal placenta and in the accretion zone of accreta placentas. The diffusion coefficient\n D<\/jats:italic>\n was evaluated using a\n b<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2265\u2009200\u2009sec\/mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010mono\u2010exponential decay fit. IVIM metrics were quantified to fix\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009+\u2009\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\n f<\/jats:italic>\n IVIM<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical\u2010Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n ANOVA with Dunn\u2010Sid\u00e1k's post\u2010hoc correction and Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n test were used to compare parameters between groups. Spearman's coefficient was evaluated to study the correlation between variables. A\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a significant difference in\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n between FGR and SGA, and significant differences in\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and\n f<\/jats:italic>\n IVIM<\/jats:sub>\n between normal and FGR. The percreta\u2009+\u2009increta group showed the highest\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n values (Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22122.66). The\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n between normal and percreta\u2009+\u2009increta groups showed Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.12. Conversely,\n f<\/jats:italic>\n IVIM<\/jats:sub>\n had a small effective size (Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.32). In the accretion zone, a significant correlation was found between\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and GA (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.90) whereas a significant negative correlation was found between\n f<\/jats:italic>\n IVIM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n D<\/jats:italic>\n (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.37 in fetal and\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.56 in maternal side) and\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and\n D<\/jats:italic>\n (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.38 in fetal and\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.51 in maternal side) in normal placentas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The two\u2010perfusion model provides complementary information to IVIM parameters that may be useful in identifying placenta impairment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 2<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title>\n 1<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T04:20:58Z","timestamp":1686975658000},"page":"879-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Two\u2010Compartment Perfusion\n MR IVIM<\/scp>\n Model to Investigate Normal and Pathological Placental Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1944-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Maiuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"},{"name":"Physics Department Rome CNR ISC Roma Sapienza Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Ercolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University 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