{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:49:06Z","timestamp":1761864546247,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7212100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the association between stroke and imaging and clinical features in conservatively treated patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate independent risk factors for stroke in conservatively treated patients with MMD during a long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty conservatively managed patients with MMD (median age 46\u2009years, 89 male).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time of flight, turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1WI, turbo spin echo (TSE) T2WI, echo\u2010planar imaging DWI, T2\u2010fluid attenuated inversion recovery, dynamic susceptibility contrast\u2010magnetic resonance imaging, and pre\u2010 and post\u2010contrast 3D TSE T1WI sequences at 3.0 Tesla.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were assessed at baseline and followed yearly. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence rates were determined. Multiple demographic, clinical (modified Rankin score [mRS]), and cerebral imaging (cerebral blood volume [CBV] and concentric enhancement of arterial wall) factors at baseline were considered as potential predictors of stroke during the follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for stroke. Cumulative risk of stroke was estimated by the Kaplan\u2013Meier product\u2010limit method. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median follow\u2010up duration was 47\u2009months. During the follow\u2010up period, 18 (11.25%) patients experienced stroke events (13 [8.13%] ischemic, 5 [3.12%] hemorrhagic). Univariable analysis showed that 11 factors were significantly associated with stroke. After adjustment for clinical characteristics, multivariable analysis showed that mRS score \u22653 (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.26\u20133.14), decreased CBV (HR, 5.31; 95% CI, 2.32\u201312.13), and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall (HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.55\u201311.15) were significantly associated with stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased CBV, mRS score\u2009\u2265\u20093, and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall were significantly associated with increased incidence of stroke in conservatively treated MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T06:15:25Z","timestamp":1687760125000},"page":"1456-1463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Conservatively Treated Patients With Moyamoya Disease: A Follow\u2010up <scp>MRI<\/scp> Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Pingjin Hospital Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuxuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  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