{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:10Z","timestamp":1786978090740,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have been suggested for radiation\u2010free imaging of osseous structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the diagnostic value of ultra\u2010short echo time and gradient echo T1\u2010weighted MRI for the assessment of vertebral pathologies using histology and computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine lumbar vertebral bodies harvested from 20 human cadavers (donor age 73\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years; 9 male).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra\u2010short echo time sequence optimized for both bone (UTEb) and cartilage (UTEc) imaging and 3D T1\u2010weighted gradient\u2010echo sequence (T1GRE) at 3\u2009T; susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging (SWI) gradient echo sequence at 1.5\u2009T. CT was performed on a dual\u2010layer dual\u2010energy CT scanner using a routine clinical protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathology and conventional CT were acquired as standard of reference. Semi\u2010quantitative and quantitative morphological features of degenerative changes of the spines were evaluated by four radiologists independently on CT and MR images independently and blinded to all other information. Features assessed were osteophytes, endplate sclerosis, visualization of cartilaginous endplate, facet joint degeneration, presence of Schmorl's nodes, and vertebral dimensions. Vertebral disorders were assessed by a pathologist on histology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Agreement between T1GRE, SWI, UTEc, and UTEb sequences and CT imaging and histology as standard of reference were assessed using Fleiss'\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      and intra\u2010class correlation coefficients, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For the morphological assessment of osteophytes and endplate sclerosis, the overall agreement between SWI, T1GRE, UTEb, and UTEc with the reference standard (histology combined with CT) was moderate to almost perfect for all readers (osteophytes: SWI,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      range: 0.68\u20130.76; T1GRE: 0.92\u20131.00; UTEb: 0.92\u20131.00; UTEc: 0.77\u20130.85; sclerosis: SWI,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      range: 0.60\u20130.70; T1GRE: 0.77\u20130.82; UTEb: 0.81\u20130.92; UTEc: 0.61\u20130.71). For the visualization of the cartilaginous endplate, UTEc showed the overall best agreement with the reference standard (histology) for all readers (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      range: 0.85\u20130.93).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morphological assessment of vertebral pathologies was feasible and accurate using the MR\u2010based bone imaging sequences compared to CT and histopathology. T1GRE showed the overall best performance for osseous changes and UTEc for the visualization of the cartilaginous endplate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T01:40:29Z","timestamp":1690508429000},"page":"1542-1552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparing\n                    <scp>CT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Like Images Based on\n                    <scp>Ultra\u2010Short<\/scp>\n                    Echo Time and Gradient Echo\n                    <scp>T1\u2010Weighted MRI<\/scp>\n                    Sequences for the Assessment of Vertebral Disorders Using Histology and True\n                    <scp>CT<\/scp>\n                    as the Reference Standard"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4126-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian T.","family":"Gassert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kufner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix G.","family":"Gassert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bollwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kronthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg C.","family":"Feuerriegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Kirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Ganter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich  Munich 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