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The symptoms that remain have been referred to as long\u2010COVID. A number of research sites employed <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the pandemic and evaluated patients post\u2010infection, months after hospitalization or home\u2010based care as a way to better understand the consequences of infection on <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe MR gas\u2010exchange and ventilation imaging. A systematic review and comprehensive search were employed using MEDLINE via PubMed (April 2023) using the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and key words: post\u2010COVID\u201019, MRI, <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe, long\u2010COVID, COVID pneumonia, and post\u2010acute COVID\u201019 syndrome. Fifteen peer\u2010reviewed manuscripts were identified including four editorials, a single letter to the editor, one review article, and nine original research manuscripts (2020\u20132023). MRI and MR spectroscopy results are summarized from these prospective, controlled studies, which involved small sample sizes ranging from 9 to 76 participants. Key findings included: 1) <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe MRI gas\u2010exchange and ventilation abnormalities, 3\u2009months post\u2010COVID\u201019 infection, and 2) a combination of MRI gas\u2010exchange and ventilation abnormalities alongside persistent symptoms in patients hospitalized and not hospitalized for COVID\u201019, 1\u2010year post\u2010infection. The persistence of respiratory symptoms and <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe MRI abnormalities in the context of normal or nearly normal pulmonary function test results and chest computed tomography (CT) was consistent. Longitudinal improvements were observed in long\u2010term follow\u2010up of long\u2010COVID patients but mean <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe gas\u2010exchange, ventilation heterogeneity values and symptoms remained abnormal, 1\u2010year post\u2010infection. Pulmonary functional MRI using inhaled hyperpolarized <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe gas has played a role in detecting gas\u2010exchange and ventilation abnormalities providing complementary information that may help develop our understanding of the root causes of long\u2010COVID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 5<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T08:53:08Z","timestamp":1691398388000},"page":"1120-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Review of Hyperpolarized Pulmonary Functional <scp><sup>129<\/sup>Xe MR<\/scp> for 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