{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:17:16Z","timestamp":1767705436197,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001774","82371948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001774","82371948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The features of intracranial arteries in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have been widely investigated. However, the MR characteristics of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) and their effect on outcomes of revascularization treatment are not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the characteristics of EICA and their relationship with outcomes of revascularization treatment in adult patients with MMD based on higher\u2010resolution MRI (HRMRI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective interventional outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred eighty\u2010eight consecutive patients with MMD (mean age: 43.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2\u2009years; 140 male).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1\u2010weighted imaging and turbo spin echo (TSE) T2\u2010weighted imaging, three\u2010dimensional time\u2010of\u2010flight MR angiography, T2\u2010fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and 3D T1\u2010SPACE vessel wall imaging at 3.0\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HRMRI characteristics of EICA were determined. The relationship between the characteristics of EICA (proximal stenosis, diffuse wall thickening, carotid plaques, and luminal thrombosis) and stroke outcomes of revascularization treatment in patients with MMD was analyzed. The discriminative ability of EICA characteristics in combination with intracranial carotid artery features (involvement of vessel segments, bilateral involvement, and Suzuki stage) to determine stroke outcomes was compared with that of intracranial artery features alone during a mean 8.0\u2009months follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for assessing discriminative performance. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean 8.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009months follow\u2010up, of the 288 participants, 137 had proximal stenosis (47.6%), 106 had diffuse wall thickening (36.8%), 60 had carotid plaques (20.8%), and 27 had luminal thrombosis (9.4%) of EICA. Of these features, proximal stenosis (HR\u2009=\u20092.86; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20137.29) and diffuse wall thickening (HR\u2009=\u20092.62; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.16\u20135.94) of EICA were significantly associated with stroke after surgery, before and after adjusting for confounding factors. In discriminating the stroke outcomes after surgery, combining characteristics of EICA with features of intracranial arteries resulted in a significant incremental improvement (DeLong test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the AUC over that obtained with features of intracranial arteries alone (AUC: 0.73 vs. 0.60\u20130.64).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proximal stenosis and diffuse wall thickening of EICA were significantly associated with stroke outcomes after surgery in patients with MMD. Our findings suggest that understanding the characteristics of EICA has added value for intracranial vessels in predicting future events after surgery in patients with MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T11:08:36Z","timestamp":1697108916000},"page":"94-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Characteristics of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery and Their Relationship With Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Moyamoya Disease: A Combined Head\u2010and\u2010Neck Vessel Wall <scp>MR<\/scp> Imaging Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingming","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Pingjin Hospital Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Pingjin Hospital Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8126-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fugeng","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangbin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xihai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University School of Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing 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