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However, myocardial hypoxia and its association with myocardial fibrosis are understudied in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)\u2010associated cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate myocardial hypoxia by oxygenation\u2010sensitive (OS) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and further explore its association with fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010one DMD boys (8.78\u2009\u00b1\u20092.32) and 30 healthy boys (9.07\u2009\u00b1\u20092.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T, Balanced steady\u2010state free procession, Modified Look\u2010Locker inversion recovery sequence and Single\u2010shot phase\u2010sensitive inversion recovery sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac MRI data, including left ventricular functional, segmental native T1, and oxygenation signal\u2010intensity (SI) according to AHA 17\u2010segment model, were acquired. Patients were divided into LGE+ and LGE\u2212 groups. In patients with LGE, all segments were further classified as positive or negative segments by segmentally presence\/absence of LGE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variables were compared using Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>, Wilcoxon, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and one\u2010way analysis of variance. Bivariate Pearson or Spearman correlation were calculated to determine association between oxygenation SI and native T1. Variables with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.10 in the univariable analysis were included in multivariable model. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the performance of OS in diagnosing myocardial hypoxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The myocardial oxygenation SI of DMD was significantly decreased in all segments compared with normal controls, and more obvious in the LGE+ segments (0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 vs. 0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03). For patients with and without LGE, myocardial oxygenation SI were significantly negatively correlated with native T1 in all segments (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.23 to \u22120.42). The inferolateral oxygenation SI was a significant independent associator of LGE presence (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20090.900).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myocardial hypoxia evaluated by the OS\u2010Cardiac\u2010MRI indeed occurs in DMD and associate with myocardial fibrosis, which might be used as a biomarker in assessing myocardial damage in DMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:04:50Z","timestamp":1707383090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association Between Myocardial Oxygenation and Fibrosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Analysis by Rest Oxygenation\u2010Sensitive 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