{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:09:22Z","timestamp":1790820562133,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HD1013840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD1013840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51 OD011106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51 OD011106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD103443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD103443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recently, dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced (DCE) MRI with ferumoxytol as contrast agent has recently been introduced for the noninvasive assessment of placental structure and function throughout. However, it has not been demonstrated under pathological conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure cotyledon\u2010specific rhesus macaque maternal placental blood flow using ferumoxytol DCE MRI in a novel animal model for local placental injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective animal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Placental injections of Tisseel (three with 0.5\u2009mL and two with 1.5\u2009mL), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (three with 100\u2009\u03bcg), and three with saline as controls were performed in a total of 11 rhesus macaque pregnancies at approximate gestational day (GD 101). DCE MRI scans were performed prior (GD 100) and after (GD 115 and GD 145) the injection (term\u2009=\u2009GD 165).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3\u2009T, T1\u2010weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence (product sequence, DISCO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Source images were inspected for motion artefacts from the mother or fetus. Placenta segmentation and DCE processing were performed for the dynamic image series to measure cotyledon specific volume, flow, and normalized flow. Overall placental histopathology was conducted for controls, Tisseel, and MCP\u20101 animals and regions of tissue infarctions and necrosis were documented. Visual inspections for potential necrotic tissue were conducted for the two Tisseelx3 animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Wilcoxon rank sum test, significance level\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No motion artefacts were observed. For the group treated with 1.5\u2009mL of Tisseel, significantly lower cotyledon volume, flow, and normalized flow per cotyledon were observed for the third gestational time point of imaging (day ~145), with mean normalized flow of 0.53\u2009minute\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Preliminary histopathological analysis shows areas of tissue necrosis from a selected cotyledon in one Tisseel\u2010treated (single dose) animal and both Tisseelx3 (triple dose) animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of cotyledon\u2010specific functional analysis at multiple gestational time points and injury detection in a placental rhesus macaque model through ferumoxytol\u2010enhanced DCE MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NA<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p>\n                  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