{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:27:27Z","timestamp":1770834447465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In breast diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI), distortion and physiologic artifacts affect clinical interpretation. Image quality can be optimized by addressing the effect of phase encoding (PE) direction on these artifacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare distortion artifacts in breast DWI acquired with different PE directions and polarities, and to discuss their clinical implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven healthy volunteers (median age: 47\u2009years old; range: 22\u201374\u2009years old) and a breast phantom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010shot echo planar DWI and three\u2010dimensional fast gradient echo sequences at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>All DWI data were acquired with left\u2013right, right\u2013left, posterior\u2013anterior, and anterior\u2013posterior PE directions. In phantom data, displacement magnitude was evaluated by comparing the location of landmarks in anatomical and DWI images. Three breast radiologists (5, 17, and 23\u2009years of experience) assessed the presence or absence of physiologic artifacts in volunteers' DWI datasets and indicated their PE\u2010direction preference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of variance with post\u2010hoc tests were used to assess differences in displacement magnitude across DWI datasets and observers. A binomial test and a chi\u2010squared test were used to evaluate\u00a0if each in vivo DWI dataset had an equal probability (25%) of being preferred by radiologists. Inter\u2010reader agreement was evaluated using Gwet's AC1 agreement coefficient. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the phantom study, median displacement was the significantly largest in posterior\u2013anterior data. While the displacement in the anterior\u2013posterior and left\u2013right data were equivalent (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.545). In the in vivo data, there were no physiological artifacts observed in any dataset, regardless of PE direction. In the reader study, there was a significant preference for the posterior\u2013anterior datasets which were selected 94% of the time. There was good agreement between readers (0.936).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed the impact of PE direction on distortion artifacts in breast DWI. In healthy volunteers, the posterior\u2010to\u2010anterior PE direction was preferred by readers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T03:34:30Z","timestamp":1709177670000},"page":"1340-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Phase Encoding Direction on Image Quality in Single\u2010Shot <scp>EPI<\/scp> Diffusion\u2010Weighted Imaging of the Breast"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana E.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San 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