{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T14:53:37Z","timestamp":1783176817612,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB015893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB015893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG040271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG040271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH080729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH080729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS111115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS111115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AG063213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AG063213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG080518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG080518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arterial spin labeling (ASL) derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps are prone to artifacts and noise that can degrade image quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop an automated and objective quality evaluation index (QEI) for ASL CBF maps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from N\u2009=\u2009221 adults, including patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulsed or pseudocontinuous ASL acquired at 3\u2009T using non\u2010background suppressed 2D gradient\u2010echo echoplanar imaging or background suppressed 3D spiral spin\u2010echo readouts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The QEI was developed using N\u2009=\u2009101 2D CBF maps rated as unacceptable, poor, average, or excellent by two neuroradiologists and validated by 1) leave\u2010one\u2010out cross validation, 2) assessing if CBF reproducibility in N\u2009=\u200953 cognitively normal adults correlates inversely with QEI, 3) if iterative discarding of low QEI data improves the Cohen's d effect size for CBF differences between preclinical AD (N\u2009=\u200927) and controls (N\u2009=\u200953), 4) comparing the QEI with manual ratings for N\u2009=\u200950 3D CBF maps, and 5) comparing the QEI with another automated quality metric.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inter\u2010rater reliability and manual vs. automated QEI were quantified using Pearson's correlation. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The correlation between QEI and manual ratings (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83, CI: 0.76\u20130.88) was similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56) to inter\u2010rater correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.81, CI: 0.73\u20130.87) for the 2D data. CBF reproducibility correlated negatively (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.74, CI: \u22120.84 to \u22120.59) with QEI. The effect size comparing patients and controls improved (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.72, CI: 0.59\u20130.82) as low QEI data was discarded iteratively. The correlation between QEI and manual ratings (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.86, CI: 0.77\u20130.92) of 3D ASL was similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09) to inter\u2010rater correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.78, CI: 0.64\u20130.87). The QEI correlated (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.87, CI: 0.77\u20130.92) significantly better with manual ratings than did an existing approach (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.54, CI: 0.30\u20130.72).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Automated QEI performed similarly to manual ratings and can provide scalable ASL quality control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T11:28:47Z","timestamp":1708774127000},"page":"2497-2508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automated Quality Evaluation Index for Arterial Spin Labeling Derived Cerebral Blood Flow Maps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudipto","family":"Dolui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Nabavizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya M.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Detre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910230106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16646124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200009)44:3<450::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2021.100063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","author":"Dolui S","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20674"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-011-0286-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200007)44:1<92::AID-MRM14>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.109009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343040197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16683690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","unstructured":"LeeIA PreacherKJ.Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software].http:\/\/quantpsy.org2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102146"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.29308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T16:53:56Z","timestamp":1731603236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.29308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.29308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.29308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}