{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:51:26Z","timestamp":1760986286938,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FET\u2010NICI 81075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FET\u2010NICI 81075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010invasive evaluation of phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) by 31\u2010phosphorus MR spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRS) may have potential for early therapy (non\u2010)response assessment in cancer. However, <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the technical feasibility and repeatability of <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the pancreas, compare <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P metabolite levels between pancreas and liver, and determine the feasibility of <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI in pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>10 healthy subjects (age 34\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years, four females) and one patient (73\u2010year\u2010old female) with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>7\u2010T, <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P FID\u2010MRSI, <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H gradient\u2010echo MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P FID\u2010MRSI of the abdomen (including the pancreas and liver) was performed with a nominal voxel size of 20\u2009mm (isotropic). For repeatability measurements, healthy subjects were scanned twice on the same day. The patient was only scanned once. Test\u2013retest <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI data of pancreas and liver voxels (segmented on <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRI) of healthy subjects were quantified by fitting in the time domain and signal amplitudes were normalized to \u03b3\u2010adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the PME\/PDE ratio was calculated. Metabolite levels were averaged over all voxels within the pancreas, right liver lobe and left liver lobe, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeatability of test\u2013retest data from healthy pancreas was assessed by paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, Bland\u2013Altman analyses, and calculation of the intrasubject coefficients of variation (CoVs). Significant differences between healthy pancreas and right and left liver lobes were assessed with a two\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intrasubject CoVs for PME, PDE, and PME\/PDE in healthy pancreas were below 20%. Furthermore, PME and PME\/PDE were significantly higher in pancreas compared to liver. In the patient with pancreatic cancer, qualitatively, elevated relative PME signals were observed in comparison with healthy pancreas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI of the human healthy pancreas and in pancreatic cancer may be feasible at 7\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>3<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T02:04:58Z","timestamp":1710468298000},"page":"2657-2666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp><sup>31<\/sup>P MR<\/scp> Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard W.F.","family":"Seelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery UMC Utrecht Cancer Center and St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein: Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieke","family":"van den Wildenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayhan","family":"Gursan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn","family":"Froeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark W.J.M.","family":"Gosselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wybe J.M.","family":"van der Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Haj Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. 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