{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:39:55Z","timestamp":1789735195095,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91859202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91859202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid eye disease (TED), particularly its sight\u2010threatening complication, dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), profoundly impacts patients' visual health. The pathological changes in the white matter (WM) fibers within the intracranial visual pathway in TED have been infrequently studied. Understanding these changes holds crucial importance for exploring the pathogenesis and prognosis of TED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To utilize fixel\u2010based analysis (FBA) to clarify the type of microstructural damage occurring in the visual pathway in TED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>28 TED with DON patients (11 males and 17 females), 28 TED without DON (non\u2010DON) patients (12 males and 16 females), and 28 healthy controls (HCs) (12 males and 16 females).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2009T; multishell diffusion MRI using echo planar imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fiber density (FD) and fiber\u2010bundle cross\u2010section (FC) were calculated to characterize WM microstructural alteration in TED visual pathway. The correlations between FBA metrics and visual field index and mean deviation were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010way analysis of variance, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, Mann\u2013Whitney U, Chi\u2010square, and Pearson correlation, were conducted with false discovery rate and family wise error corrections. Significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both DON and non\u2010DON groups showed significant FD loss in the right optic tract compared with HCs, with DON patients experiencing more severe FD loss. Only DON patients had FD loss in the right optic radiation (OR) compared with the non\u2010DON patients and HCs, with no FC difference across groups. FD in DON patients' ORs significantly correlated with visual field index (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.857) and mean deviation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.751).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both DON and non\u2010DON affect the WM microstructure of the visual pathway to varying extents. Visual field metrics can reflect the severity of FD damage to the OR in the visual pathway of DON patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1714385712000},"page":"337-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["White Matter Alterations of Visual Pathway in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Fixel\u2010Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengda","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  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